Screening of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes for Tolerance/Resistance to Biotic Constraints (Phyllody and Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi) Go？d.) in Niger
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an economically important crop in Niger, faces threats to its production from phyllody and Macrophominaphaseolina. This study evaluates the resistance of eight sesame genotypes to these two biotic constraints. The genotypes tested included mutants (ICN130, EF146, HC110), their parents (Birkan, 38-1-7), local accessions (S3, S26), and an imported variety (VI). The experiment, conducted under infested natural conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, revealed significant variations in genotype resistance. For phyllody, the HC110 mutant (2.5% incidence) and the S3 accession (5%) showed high resistance, while the imported variety (VI) proved moderately susceptible (40%). For Macrophominaphaseolina, genotypes EF146 and VI were immune (0%), and HC110 was moderately resistant (12.5%). Local accessions S3 and the parents Birkan and 38-1-7 also showed notable resistance to both diseases. The results underline the potential of local genotypes and mutants as a source of varietal improvement for tolerance and resistance to Macrophominaphaseolina and phyllody. Innovative approaches such as mutagenesis could enhance sesame’s resilience to these pathogens.
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