The Conservation Imperative: Developing a Framework for Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Heritage Conservation—A Study of Monuments in Kenya

Kenya’s coastal monuments, crucial for its cultural heritage, face increasing threats from climate change, including sea-level rise and erosion. This research investigated the conditions of the monuments as impacted by climate change and the need for adaptation strategies to protect these sites. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including literature reviews, on-site observations, and interviews with professionals and locals, the study documented significant climate-related damages, such as wall flaking, erosion, and structural decay. The findings revealed a critical gap in current conservation practices, highlighting the necessity for a holistic adaptation framework. This framework comprises four key components: vulnerability assessment, risk management, community engagement, and policy integration. Vulnerability assessment involves mapping climate risks, while risk management integrates engineering solutions with traditional conservation methods. Community engagement ensures local participation in decision-making, and policy integration necessitates incorporating climate adaptation into heritage management plans. The proposed framework aims to enhance the resilience of these monuments, ensuring their preservation for future generations. This research contributes to the knowledge base on climate change adaptation in heritage conservation, providing a practical, context-specific approach for safeguarding cultural heritage in vulnerable coastal environments.