Farming is a main job occupying a large part of the world wide population among which Burundians. Farming products are a main source of food system. Many techniques among which digitalization are being applied to tackle the growing need in food for the humanity while fertility is decreasing. This article is to analyze different practices developed or applied farming common beans in Burundian acid soil. We used a questionnaire administrated to a sample of 283 respondents, in which we used Kobocollect tools in data collection. Data analysis was helped by IBM SPPS 25 tools and Microsoft Office Excel. Results show that the system is dynamic for whether they use the combination or association of different seeds in a single crop, not even following expert councils. They cannot afford fertilizers’ price while a large number of our respondents do not know dolomite meaning they do not use it. While a few use compost or manures from cattle, their harvest denotes a very low bean production that needs to be increased by different systems to think about population satisfaction in Beans instead of letting things this way.
References
[1]
Akpan, S. B., Udo, U. J., & Akpan, P. J. (2019). Analysis of the Gross Margins and Commercialization of Manure and Fertilizer Based Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) Farmers in Nigeria. Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, 5, 5-31. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2019.05.04.01
[2]
Aznar-Sánchez, J. A., Piquer-Rodríguez, M., Velasco-Muñoz, J. F., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2019). Worldwide Research Trends on Sustainable Land Use in Agriculture. Land Use Policy, 87, Article ID: 104069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104069
[3]
Barzman, M., Bàrberi, P., Birch, A. N. E., Boonekamp, P., Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S., Graf, B. et al. (2015). Eight Principles of Integrated Pest Management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35, 1199-1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0327-9
[4]
Beltran-Peña, A., Rosa, L., & D’Odorico, P. (2020). Global Food Self-Sufficiency in the 21st Century under Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture. Environmental Research Letters, 15, Article ID: 095004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9388
[5]
Benavides Bolanos, J. A. (2019). Evaluation of Phytoextractor Plants and Dolomite Lime as Strategies to Manage CD in Soils Growing Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Master’s Thesis, The Pensylvania State University. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16695jab1106
[6]
Chakirwa, Z. P., Murhi, M. I., Aksanti, K. C., Masirika, F. C., Banyanga, N. E., & Lubobo, A. K. (2019). Effect of Organo-Mineral Fertilization on the Growth, Yield and Economic Profitability of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Eastern DRC. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 7, 1218-1231. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i7.em01
[7]
Ciza, D., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023). The Repression of the Solicitation of Children for Sexual Purposes Online (Grooming) in Burundian Positive Law. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 17, 461-467. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917445
[8]
Daoui, K., & Fatemi, Z. E. A. (2014). Agroforestry Systems in Morocco: The Case of Olive Tree and Annual Crops Association in Saïs Region. In M. Behnassi, S. Shahid, & N. Mintz-Habib (Eds.), Science, Policy and Politics of Modern Agricultural System (pp. 281-289). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7957-0_19
[9]
Dey, B., Visser, B., Tin, H., Mahamadou Laouali, A., Baba Toure Mahamadou, N., Nkhoma, C. et al. (2022). Strengths and Weaknesses of Organized Crop Seed Production by Smallholder Farmers: A Five-Country Case Study. Outlook on Agriculture, 51, 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/00307270221115454
[10]
Duque-Acevedo, M., Belmonte-Ureña, L. J., Cortés-García, F. J., & Camacho-Ferre, F. (2020). Agricultural Waste: Review of the Evolution, Approaches and Perspectives on Alternative Uses. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00902
[11]
Faye, A., Faye, A., Sagna, N., Yessoufou, A. N. D., Zagre, I., Ewulo, R., Worou, N., & Whitbread, A.M. (2022). Inventaire des technologies et pratiques de l’AgricultureIntelligente face au climat (AIC) au Sénégal. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/126627
[12]
Franke, A. C., Baijukya, F., Kantengwa, S., Reckling, M., Vanlauwe, B., & Giller, K. E. (2019). Poor Farmers—Poor Yields: Socio-Economic, Soil Fertility and Crop Management Indicators Affecting Climbing Bean Productivity in Northern Rwanda. Experimental Agriculture, 55, 14-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000028
[13]
Gadal, N., Shrestha, J., Poudel, M. N., & Pokharel, B. (2019). A Review on Production Status and Growing Environments of Rice in Nepal and in the World. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 4, 83-87. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.0401013
[14]
Gowing, J. W., Golicha, D. D., & Sanderson, R. A. (2020). Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Offers a Solution to Soil Fertility Mining in Semi-Arid Kenya: Evidence from Marsabit County. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 18, 492-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2020.1793646
[15]
Hayashi, K., Tokida, T., Arai, M., Sakai, H., Nakamura, H., & Hasegawa, T. (2022). Fertilizer-Derived Nitrogen Use of Two Varieties of Single-Crop Paddy Rice: A Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Study Using Polymer-Coated 15N-Labeled Urea. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 68, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2003163
[16]
He, C., Tang, C., Li, C., Yuan, J., Tran, K., Bach, Q. et al. (2018). Wet Torrefaction of Biomass for High Quality Solid Fuel Production: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91, 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.097
[17]
Hufnagel, J., Reckling, M., & Ewert, F. (2020). Diverse Approaches to Crop Diversification in Agricultural Research. a Review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40, Article No. 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-00617-4
[18]
Jonya, J. C., Toyi, O., Ndendi, A. A., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023). Qualification and Employability of Women in Burundian Public Industrial Tea and Energy Companies. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 17, 445-452. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917425
[19]
Kinnunen, P., Guillaume, J. H. A., Taka, M., D’Odorico, P., Siebert, S., Puma, M. J. et al. (2020). Local Food Crop Production Can Fulfil Demand for Less than One-Third of the Population. Nature Food, 1, 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0060-7
[20]
Klerkx, L., Jakku, E., & Labarthe, P. (2019). A Review of Social Science on Digital Agriculture, Smart Farming and Agriculture 4.0: New Contributions and a Future Research Agenda. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 90, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315
[21]
Kopittke, P. M., Menzies, N. W., Wang, P., McKenna, B. A., & Lombi, E. (2019). Soil and the Intensification of Agriculture for Global Food Security. Environment International, 132, Article ID: 105078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105078
[22]
Lajoie-O’Malley, A., Bronson, K., van der Burg, S., & Klerkx, L. (2020). The Future(s) of Digital Agriculture and Sustainable Food Systems: An Analysis of High-Level Policy Documents. Ecosystem Services, 45, Article ID: 101183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101183
[23]
Lal, R. (2020). Home Gardening and Urban Agriculture for Advancing Food and Nutritional Security in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Food Security, 12, 871-876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01058-3
[24]
Moraine, M., Duru, M., Nicholas, P., Leterme, P., & Therond, O. (2014). Farming System Design for Innovative Crop-Livestock Integration in Europe. Animal, 8, 1204-1217. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731114001189
[25]
Mpabansi, P. (2023). The Extent to Which the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Is Used Concerning the 1951 Geneva Convention in Determining the Status of Refugees in Burundi. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 17, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917385
[26]
Mperejimana, A., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023). Continuity or Rupture: An Analysis of the Fourth Cycle Literature Teaching Program in the Post-Fundamental Schools, Language Section. OALib, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1110752
[27]
Nasirahmadi, A., & Hensel, O. (2022). Toward the Next Generation of Digitalization in Agriculture Based on Digital Twin Paradigm. Sensors, 22, Article 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020498
[28]
Ndambi, O. A., Pelster, D. E., Owino, J. O., de Buisonjé, F., & Vellinga, T. (2019). Manure Management Practices and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications on Manure Quality as a Fertilizer. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 3, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00029
[29]
Ndayisenga, J., & Sindayigaya, I. (2024). The Pedagogy of Integration, the Child in the Center of Education: Participation of the Child in the Schooling Program. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 18, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2024.917431
[30]
Ndengu, G., Mponela, P., Chataika, B., Desta, L. T., Chirwa, R., & Sileshi, G. G. (2022). Effect of Combining Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilisers on Maize-Bush Bean Intercropping. Experimental Agriculture, 58, e29. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479722000102
[31]
Nduwimana, S., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023a). Entry and Mobility in Technical and Vocational Education in Burundi. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.117002
[32]
Nduwimana, S., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023b). Establishing Quality in Technical and Vocational Education in Burundi: Contribution of the National Education Forum, Edition 2022 and in Employability in Burundi. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 142-153. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.119010
[33]
Nelson, K. S., Patalee, B., & Yao, B. (2022). Higher Landscape Diversity Associated with Improved Crop Production Resilience in Kansas-USA. Environmental Research Letters, 17, Article ID: 084011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7e5f
[34]
Nijimbere, B., Kaboneka, S., Nishimwe, K., Nduwimana, A., Nijimbere, S., & Sindayigaya, I. (2025). Analysis of Common Bean Production Constraints in Burundi’s Acid Soils. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13, 63-82. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2025.136005
[35]
Nsabimana, J. C., Ndayishimiye, N., Kwidera, C., & Beko, A. (2013). Pauvretémonétaire versus non-monétaire au Burundi. Partnership for Economic Policy.
[36]
Nuhu, H. S., Aliyu, Y. M., & Wadai, A. M. (2023). Assessment of the Role of FAO in Increasing Food Security among Food Crop Farmers in Jere Lga Borno State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 3, 160-171. https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.466
[37]
Nyabenda, A., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023). The Child’s Rights to Quality Food for Children Residing with Their Mothers in Prison: Case of Mpimba Prison, Burundi. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.1111002
[38]
Oluseun Adejumo, I., & Adebukola Adebiyi, O. (2020). Agricultural Solid Wastes: Causes, Effects, and Effective Management. In H. M. Saleh (Ed.), Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management (pp. 139-154). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93601
[39]
Pallathadka, H., Mustafa, M., Sanchez, D. T., Sekhar Sajja, G., Gour, S., & Naved, M. (2023). Impact of Machine Learning on Management, Healthcare and Agriculture. Materials Today: Proceedings, 80, 2803-2806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.042
[40]
Paut, R., Sabatier, R., & Tchamitchian, M. (2020). Modelling Crop Diversification and Association Effects in Agricultural Systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 288, Article ID: 106711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106711
[41]
Rachman, L. M., Hazra, F., Baskoro, D. P. T., Riskawati, R., & Putri, S. K. (2021). Improvement of Suboptimal Soil Productivity to Growth and Production of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 807, Article ID: 042072. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/807/4/042072
[42]
Rothé, M., Darnaudery, M., & Thuriès, L. (2019). Organic Fertilizers, Green Manures and Mixtures of the Two Revealed Their Potential as Substitutes for Inorganic Fertilizers Used in Pineapple Cropping. Scientia Horticulturae, 257, Article ID: 108691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108691
[43]
Sabiraguha, A., Havyarimana, V., Niyongabo, P., Kamdjoug, J. R. K., Sindayigaya, I., & Niyonsaba, T. (2023). Digital in Higher Education in Burundi. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 284-297. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.1111019
[44]
Simo, J. E., Rivera, R. A., Martinez, L. A., & Martin, G. M. (2020). The Integration of AMF Inoculants, Green Manure and Organo-Mineral Fertilization, in Banana Plantations on Calcic Haplic Phaeozems. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 23, Article No. 8. https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.2882
[45]
Sindayigaya, I. (2020). Du respect des droits du nourrisson pendant la vie carcérale de sa mère au Burundi: Cas des prisons centrales de Mpimba et Ngozi-femme. Ph.D. Thesis, Université du Burundi. https://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.23023.51361
[46]
Sindayigaya, I. (2022). Analysis of the Child’s Right to Housing Implementation for Street Children in Burundi: Case of Kirundo City. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 16, 465-472. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2022.916819
[47]
Sindayigaya, I. (2023a). Problems Related to the Implementation of Child’s Right Birth Registration in Burundi: Proposing Their Remedies. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 41-56. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.119004
[48]
Sindayigaya, I. (2023b). The Overview of Burundi in the Image of the African Charter on Rights and Welfare of the Child. Beijing Law Review, 14, 812-827. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.142044
[49]
Sindayigaya, I. (2023c). The Overview of Burundi in the Image of the African Charter on Rights and Welfare of the Child. Beijing Law Review, 14, 812-827. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.142044
[50]
Sindayigaya, I., & Nyabenda, A. (2022). Infants Residing with Their Mothers at Mpimba Prison, Burundi: Do They Have Rights to Be Protected? Applied Mathematical Sciences, 16, 555-563. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2022.916865
[51]
Sindayigaya, I., & Toyi, O. (2023a). Electricity Public Policy in Burundi: Case of the City of Bujumbura. In Construisons des partenariats et un réseau durable à travers une recherche une recherche innovante pour la luttecontre la pauvreté et les inégalités socio-économiques (pp. 9-21). University of Burundi. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25121.17764
[52]
Sindayigaya, I., & Toyi, O. (2023b). Water Public Policy in Burundi: Case of the City of Bujumbura. In Semaine de l’Université: Construisons des partenariat et un réseau durable à travers une recherche innovante pour la luttecontre la pauvreté et les inégalités socio-économiques (pp. 1-8). University of Burundi. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35148.18565
[53]
Sindayigaya, I., Hitimana, B., Mbonigaba, N., & Nyandwi, A. (2016). Problématique de la repression du crime de viol: Cas de la province judiciaire de Ngozi de 2010 à 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369537718_Problematique_de_la_repression_du_crime_de_viol_Cas_de_la_province_judiciaire_de_Ngozi_de_2010_a_2013#fullTextFileContent
[54]
Sperling, L., Birachi, E., Kalemera, S., Mutua, M., Templer, N., Mukankusi, C. et al. (2021a). The Informal Seed Business: Focus on Yellow Bean in Tanzania. Sustainability, 13, Article 8897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168897
[55]
Sperling, L., Gallagher, P., McGuire, S., & March, J. (2021b). Tailoring legume seed markets for smallholder farmers in Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 19, 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2020.1822640
[56]
Sperling, L., Gallagher, P., McGuire, S., March, J., & Templer, N. (2020). Informal Seed Traders: The Backbone of Seed Business and African Smallholder Seed Supply. Sustainability, 12, Article 7074. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177074
[57]
Srinivasarao, C., Venkateswarlu, B., Lal, R., Singh, A. K., Kundu, S., Vittal, K. P. R. et al. (2014). Long-Term Manuring and Fertilizer Effects on Depletion of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Pearl Millet-Cluster Bean-Castor Rotation in Western India. Land Degradation & Development, 25, 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.1158
[58]
Temgoua, E., Ntangmo Tsafack, H., Azinwi Tamfuh, P., & Ndzana, G. M. (2023). Testing Soil Fertility, Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Production and Residual Effect on Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Performance Using Different Rates and Mixtures of Compost and Mineral Fertilizer. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46, 4033-4043. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2023.2220728
[59]
Toyi, O., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023). Sociability Networks in the City of Bujumbura. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 218-231. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.118016
[60]
Tudi, M., Daniel Ruan, H., Wang, L., Lyu, J., Sadler, R., Connell, D. et al. (2021). Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, Article 1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031112
[61]
Victor, B. W. M., Alonga, B. M., Simbananiye, L., Mwilarhe, P. A., & Sindayigaya, I. (2023). Organisational Health and Resilience of Community Health Insurance Schemes in Bukavu Eastern DRC. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11, 378-398. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.119025
[62]
Yasser, B., & Wanis, D. (2021). Etude de l’application de l’itinéraire tech-nique sur la céréalicultureen zones semi-arides. https://dspace.univ-bba.dz/items/128325a1-b2ca-43f9-9f33-4ffb7dfc0473
[63]
Ziming, W., Bo, F., & Yuangan, C. (2023). The Separation Behavior and Mechanism of Scheelite and Dolomite Using Locust Bean Gum as Depressant. Minerals Engineering, 202, Article ID: 108280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108280