动机理论观照下外语自主学习促进机制思考
Reflections on the Promotion Mechanism of Foreign Language Autonomous Learning from the Perspective of Motivation Theory

本文基于动机理论与自主学习框架，系统分析了融入动机与工具动机对大学生语言学习行为的不同影响路径及其动态交互关系。研究表明，工具动机虽能在短期内提升学习效率，但易受外部压力影响，持续性有限；而融入动机则以文化认同和内在兴趣为驱动，能促进深度学习与长期投入。更为关键的是，两种动机在实际学习过程中的融合趋势愈发明显，教学设计若能合理引导工具动机向融入动机转化，将显著提升学习动能与文化身份建构的同步性。同时，沉浸式语言环境、实际目标设置、个性化路径构建与教师角色的重新定位，共同构成促进自主学习的多维策略体系。尤其是在关键发展期，通过文化元素激活神经机制，能有效促进语言技能与认知能力的协同发展。未来语言教育应从单一结果导向转向能力–身份–文化融合的新范式，培育具备全球胜任力的复合型人才。因此，建构以动机整合为核心、自主学习为路径、文化认同为导向的教学模式，将成为外语教育创新的重要方向。
Based on motivation theory and the autonomous learning framework, this study systematically analyzes the distinct influence pathways and dynamic interactions of integrative and instrumental motivation on university students’ language learning behaviors. The findings indicate that while instrumental motivation can enhance learning efficiency in the short term, it is highly susceptible to external pressures and lacks sustainability. In contrast, integrative motivation, driven by cultural identity and intrinsic interest, fosters deep learning and long-term engagement. More importantly, the integration of both types of motivation is becoming increasingly evident in actual learning processes. Instructional design that effectively guides the transformation of instrumental motivation into integrative motivation can significantly enhance learning momentum and the synchronization of cultural identity construction. Furthermore, immersive language environments, goal setting grounded in real-life contexts, personalized learning pathways, and the redefinition of teachers’ roles collectively form a multidimensional strategy system for promoting autonomous learning. Particularly during critical developmental periods, the activation of neural mechanisms through cultural elements can effectively facilitate the co-development of language skills and cognitive abilities. Future language education should shift from a single outcome-oriented approach to a new paradigm that integrates competence, identity, and culture, thereby cultivating globally competent and versatile talents. Consequently, constructing a teaching model centered on motivational integration, driven by autonomous learning, and oriented toward cultural identity will be a vital direction for innovation in foreign language education.