马克思关于人的本质问题论断的再思考
Reconsideration of Marx’s Theory of Human Nature

马克思从《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》到《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》，马克思对人的本质认识经历了一个辩证否定的过程，批判继承了黑格尔与费尔巴哈的人的本质思想，并在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中作出对人的本质是最具总括性的概述，指出人的本质在其现实性上是一切社会关系的总和。在随后《德意志意识形态》的撰写中，通过对社会历史的考察，马克思对人的本质认识得到了进一步的贯彻与深化。马克思人的本质思想，对中国式现代化的发展有着独特的价值。坚持马克思人的本质思想，对于我国在现代化过程中坚持“人民至上”的价值导向，构建起人与自然和谐共生、人与社会和谐发展的现代化，实现真正的人的自由全面发展具有重要的现实意义。
From the “Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right” to the “Theses on Feuerbach,” Marx’s understanding of human nature underwent a dialectical process of negation and inheritance. He critically inherited the ideas of Hegel and Feuerbach regarding human nature and provided the most comprehensive overview in the “Theses on Feuerbach,” stating that human nature is the ensemble of social relations. In his subsequent work, “The German Ideology,” through an examination of social history, Marx further developed and deepened his understanding of human nature. Marx’s thoughts on human nature have a unique value for the development of Chinese modernization. Adhering to Marx’s theory of human nature is of great practical significance for China to maintain the value orientation of “people first” in the process of modernization, to build a modernization that promotes harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and harmonious development between humans and society, and to achieve the free and comprehensive development of individuals.