马尔库塞技术理性批判思想及当代价值
Herbert Marcuse’s Critical Theory of Technological Rationality and Its Contemporary Relevance

马尔库塞的技术理性批判思想深刻揭示了现代社会中技术理性对人类的异化与控制。他提出，技术理性在资本主义逻辑下蜕变为一种新的统治形式，通过制造“虚假需求”消解人的批判性与超越性，使个体与社会陷入对现存秩序的盲目认同，成为“单向度的人”。技术原本作为解放生产力的工具，反而成为巩固权力结构、压抑人性自由的意识形态工具。在当代数字化与智能化加速发展的背景下，马尔库塞的批判愈发凸显其现实意义：算法霸权、消费主义异化等现象印证了技术理性对个体自主性的侵蚀，而生态危机与精神虚无化则进一步暴露了技术理性扩张的代价。重思马尔库塞的思想，需以批判性技术伦理重构发展逻辑，通过审美解放与技术民主化打破“单向度”困境，推动技术服务于人的真实需求与自由解放，探索技术与人性的和谐共生的新方法。
Herbert Marcuse’s critical theory of technological rationality profoundly reveals the alienation and control of human beings by technological rationality in modern society. He proposed that, under the logic of capitalism, technological rationality has degenerated into a new form of domination. By manufacturing “false needs”, it undermines human critical and transcendent capacities, leading individuals and society into a blind acceptance of the existing order, thus creating a “one-dimensional man”. Originally intended as a tool for liberating productive forces, technology has paradoxically become an ideological instrument that consolidates power structures and suppresses human freedom. In the context of the accelerated development of digitalization and artificial intelligence in contemporary times, Marcuse’s critique has become increasingly relevant. Phenomena such as algorithmic hegemony and the alienation of consumerism confirm the erosion of individual autonomy by technological rationality, while ecological crises and spiritual nihilism further reveal the costs of its expansion. Revisiting Marcuse’s ideas calls for critical technological ethics to reconstruct the logic of development. By achieving aesthetic liberation and democratizing technology, we can break through the “one-dimensional” predicament and ensure that technology serves the real needs and free liberation of human beings, ultimately exploring new ways for the harmonious coexistence of technology and humanity.