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民办高校新生心理健康状况分析及应对策略
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Abstract:
为全面了解高校新生心理健康状况，预防心理危机，并制定具有针对性的心理危机干预策略，本研究采用《心理健康症状自评量表》(SCL-90)对5282名新生进行心理测评，为提高危机筛查的精准性，把“精神科治疗史”与“自杀意念频率”题目纳入测评筛查标准。结果显示：5282人中需关注学生共1118人(占21.17%)，其中A类(高危)494人(占9.35%)、B类(中危)624人(占11.81%)。测评结果呈现群体差异：专科生、男生、大城市生源、完整家庭学生心理健康水平较优，留守儿童、贫困生、宿舍关系差及学业压力大的新生心理健康水平相对较低。因此需重点关注本科生、家庭结构复杂、经济困难、宿舍关系差及有学业压力学生群体，有针对性地分群体开展危机干预。
In order to assess the mental health risks among the Class 2024 and optimize intervention strategies, this study used the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) to evaluate 6340 freshmen, with two additional items regarding psychiatric treatment history and frequency of suicidal ideas. Results indicated that among the 5282 participants, a total of 1118 students (21.17%) required serious attention, including 494 individuals included in Risk Category A (high-risk) (9.35%) and 624 in Risk Category B (moderate-risk) (11.81%). The results also revealed group differences: junior college students, male students, students from large cities, and those from intact families demonstrate relatively better mental health status. Conversely, left-behind children, students from impoverished families, those with poor dormitory relationships, and individuals experiencing significant academic pressure show significantly higher mental health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on groups experiencing family upheaval, economic difficulties, dormitory conflicts, and academic challenges. A stratified intervention approach based on academic level, gender, and region of birth should be implemented, strengthen the coordinated mechanism linking mental health education and crisis earlry warning.
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