Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by synaptic loss, memory decline, and brain atrophy. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD by driving mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. This review discusses the three main pathways through which oxidative stress contributes to AD progression: mitochondrial damage, macromolecule peroxidation, and neuroinflammation. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for identifying therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting this vicious cycle and mitigating AD development.
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