知识产出视角下我国高校“国创计划”实施效果及对策研究
Research on the Implementation Effect and Countermeasures of “National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students” in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of Knowledge Output

高校是国家高水平创新创业人才培养的重要场所，在国家创新体系中发挥着重要作用。在“大众创业，万众创新”时代背景下，各高校都在积极探索双创教育模式，其中一个重要抓手便是大学生创新创业训练计划(大创项目)。为探究其实施效果，本文基于知识产出视角，应用文献计量理论与方法，借助中国知网(CNKI)论文数据，系统分析并可视化国创项目论文的产出特征及其对不同高校知识创新的作用。结果表明，国创项目自启动以来取得了一定成就，累积了较为丰富的论文成果，但不同学科、不同高校之间差异较大，武汉理工大学表现优异。为确保大创项目的有效开展，促进我国大学生创新创业训练由量变到质变的跃升，本文进一步探索了国创项目在实施过程中存在的问题，并从顶层设计、资助范围和管理体制等维度提出了优化建议。
Universities are pivotal institutions in nurturing high-level innovative and entrepreneurial talent, and play a vital role in the national innovation system. In the context of the “mass entrepreneurship and innovation” initiative, universities are actively exploring dual-innovation education modes, with the “Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students” serving as a key tool. To evaluate the program’s effectiveness in knowledge production, this study employs bibliometric methods to systematically analyze and visualize the characteristics of publications funded by the “National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students”, and its impact on knowledge innovation across different universities. The findings indicate that the program has achieved certain successes since its launch, with a relatively rich output of publications, but significant differences exist between disciplines and universities, with Wuhan University of Technology performing well. To ensure the effective implementation of the program and promote a qualitative shift in China’s university students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training, this study further explores implementation challenges and offers recommendations for optimizing the program’s top-level design, funding scope, and management system.