Micro and nanometric material processing procedures are of great interest to both researchers and manufacturers. They are currently trying to solve the material and energy crisis that has affected the whole of humanity, on the one hand. On the other hand, it comes with new solutions in miniaturizing the technique and solving the problems faced by the compatibility of existing materials with living matter, that is, it comes with solutions to improve the quality of life. Thus, different procedures of material processing aimed at the micro and nanometric surface transformations are used: laser processing, ion beam processing, electroexplosive processing. All these procedures are high energy-consuming and have low efficiency. The authors of this paper propose pulsed electric discharge machining (PEDM) as concentrated source of energy that uses directly the accumulated electric energy for the surface processing by discharge pulses. It is low energy-consuming and has higher efficiency. The picture of electroerosion during PEDM is a complex one, it is produced under the action of strong heat and electric fields generated by “cold” and “hot” electrode spots. The removal of materials during electrical erosion is caused by the development of longitudinal and transverse capillary waves, but also by the bombardment of surfaces with particles from the work environment. Recent studies on the interaction of surface materials by PEDM plasma have shown that under its action the active surfaces of parts applied in machine building, electronics, chemical industry, food industry, medicine, etc., morphological, structural and chemical composition micro-changes can occur. On the surfaces of the machined parts, films of nanometric oxides and hydroxides can be formed in an amorphous state. PEDM allows for obtaining 3D carbon structures, fullerenes and single-walled carbon nanotubes. The authors demonstrate the possibility of extracting Sn nanowires and welding metal wires for applications in electronics. The application of surface microgeometry modifications ensures the increase of the thermoelectric current of the electrons up to 10 times, the surface-active resistance by 107 times, the resistance to corrosion in the aggressive media from 2 to 100 times.
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