Mandated counseling, also known as court-ordered therapy or coerced treatment, presents a significant challenge for mental health professionals who must navigate the double role dilemma—balancing their responsibilities as therapists and legal enforcers. Unlike voluntary counseling, mandated therapy requires individuals to engage in treatment under judicial orders, often leading to client resistance, ethical dilemmas, and therapist burnout. This review examines the complexities of therapist-client relationships in mandated settings, emphasizing the impact of confidentiality constraints, trust issues, and legal obligations on therapeutic outcomes. The review synthesizes literature on engagement strategies such as motivational interviewing (MI), cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and trauma-informed care, which have proven effective in reducing client defensiveness and fostering compliance. Furthermore, it explores jurisdictional differences in mandated counseling frameworks across the developed countries, providing insights into the effectiveness of rehabilitative versus punitive approaches. Additionally, this paper highlights the impact of mandated counseling on therapist well-being, examining how emotional strain, ethical conflicts, and role ambiguity contribute to burnout and professional dissatisfaction. Recommendations include supervision, professional development, and policy adaptations to enhance the effectiveness of mandated interventions. By addressing key ethical, psychological, and systemic challenges, this review contributes to ongoing discussions on best practices for mandated counseling, aiming to balance legal compliance with ethical therapeutic care.
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