2024年关岭X波段双偏振雷达冰雹应用技术指标研究
Research on the Application Technical Indicators of the 2024 Guanling X-Band Dual-Polarization Radar for Hail Detection

为了更加全面的认识和了解X波段双偏振多普勒雷达产品在安顺市本地人工防雹应用技术，本文将结合笔者自身的工作经验，通过对关岭X波段双偏振的偏振参数资料和偏振特征演变以及2024年安顺冰雹实际情况资料进行分析，同时对安顺冬春季7个典型冰雹日20个风暴回波资料分析，最终得出以下结论：1) 当大冰雹出现时，通常基本反射率因子较大约60 dBz以上，而强风波中心的差分反射率因子较小甚至接近于0 dB或小于0 dB。当出现小冰雹或仅为降水时，基本反射率因子约50 dBz，而差分反射率因子1~3 dB。2) 差分反射率因子随着高度下降而增大，当低层仰角差分反射率因子1~3 dB则出现小冰雹或纯降水，当低仰角差分反射率因子仍有0 dB区域时可认为出现了大冰雹。3) 在相关系数上，单一的液态水粒子0.97~1，液态水夹卷小冰雹0.93~0.97，大冰雹0.87~0.93，0.85以下为强上升区，即CC谷。4) 在偏振参数特征的分析上，Z_DR柱出现冰雹的Z_DR柱高度主要出现在5~7 km之间，大于7 km基本可以认定为大冰雹；而CC谷主要反映中低层的上升运动，当大冰雹出现时在8 km以上也能看到CC谷特征。
In order to have a more comprehensive understanding and knowledge of the application technology of X-band dual-polarization Doppler radar products in local artificial hail suppression in Anshun City, this paper, based on the author’s own working experience, analyzes the polarization parameter data and polarization feature evolution of the X-band dual-polarization radar in Guanling, as well as the actual hail situation data in Anshun in 2024. At the same time, it analyzes the storm echo data of 20 cases on 7 typical hail days in Anshun during winter and spring. The following conclusions are ultimately drawn: 1) When large hailstones occur, the basic reflectivity factor is usually large, about 60 dBz or above, while the differential reflectivity factor at the center of the strong wave is small or even close to 0 dB or less than 0 dB. When small hailstones or only precipitation occurs, the basic reflectivity factor is about 50 dBz, and the differential reflectivity factor is 1 to 3 dB. 2) The differential reflectivity factor increases with the decrease in height. When the differential reflectivity factor at the low elevation angle is 1 to 3 dB, small hailstones or pure precipitation occur. When there is still a 0 dB area at the low elevation angle, it can be considered that large hailstones have occurred. 3) In terms of the correlation coefficient, a single liquid water particle is 0.97 to 1, liquid water mixed with small hailstones is 0.93 to 0.97, large hailstones are 0.87 to 0.93, and below 0.85 is a strong updraft area, that is, the CC valley. 4) In the analysis of the characteristics of polarization parameters, the height of the Z_DR column where hailstones occur is mainly between 5 and 7 km, and above 7 km can basically be determined as large hailstones; while the CC valley mainly reflects the upward movement in the middle and lower layers, and when large hailstones occur, the CC