奈斯“认同”思想下《白鲸》中人的疏离与认同
Alienation and Identity in Moby Dick from the Perspective of Naess’ Ecological Identity Thought

《白鲸》描绘了主角亚哈因白鲸莫比·迪克的一咬之仇而陷入疯狂的悲剧，他矢志不渝地追逐着这头巨兽，直至全船覆灭，仅余以实玛利一人幸免于难。表面上看，全员似乎为了亚哈的复仇执念或金钱利益而紧密团结，共同围猎鲸鱼，实则在这共同目标之下，潜藏着深刻的自我疏离与冷漠。本文旨在借助阿伦·奈斯的“认同”生态思想，深入剖析《白鲸》中人物所面临的双重疏离——与自然界的断裂以及与人类同伴间的隔阂，这反映了作品中人物内心的孤独与冷漠，更映射出“认同”思想对于重构人与自然和谐共生、促进人与人之间真诚联结的深刻启示。通过这一视角，我们得以窥见《白鲸》超越故事本身的深远意义，它是对人性、自然以及两者关系的深刻反思与探索。
Moby Dick depicts the tragedy of captain Ahab and his crew, who fell into a crazy chase to kill a whale named Moby Dick. Ahab pursued the monster unswervingly until the whole ship was destroyed and sank into the sea, leaving Ishmael alone. Superficially, the whole crew were closely united to hunt whales for Ahab’s revenge obsession or financial interests. In fact, under the common goal, there is profound self-alienation and indifference. This paper aims to analyze the double alienation faced by the characters in Moby Dick—the alienation from nature and the alienation from human companions, which reflects the profound enlightenment of Arne Naess’ thought of “ecological identity” for reconstructing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and promoting the sincere connection between people. From this perspective, this paper digs the significance of Moby Dick beyond the story itself. It is a profound reflection and exploration of human nature, nature and the relationship between the two.