《老子》中的道与德：探析“道生万物”与“德行内蕴”的哲学意蕴
Dao and De in Laozi: An Exploration of the Philosophical Implications of “Dao Generates All Things” and the “Inherent Connotation of Virtue”

《老子》(即《道德经》)哲学体系中，“道”与“德”通过本体论与实践论的双向互构，在宇宙生成论与人生价值论域中形成互补统一的阐释框架，构成了宇宙生成与人生哲理的双重面向。“道”作为“先天地生”的宇宙根源与“周行而不殆”的动力引领万物生长，其“自然无为”法则构成宇宙秩序的内在理路；“德”作为个体实践的表现，是“道之动”的现实化载体，通过“含德之厚，比于赤子”的修身原则与“以正治国”的社会伦理将形上之道转化为具象的生命实践。本文旨在阐明老庄哲学中蕴含的宇宙观与伦理观之间的内在逻辑，并揭示其对现代社会中人与自然关系重构及个体精神修养的启示价值。
In the philosophical system of Laozi (also known as Daodejing), “Dao” and “De” form a complementary and unified interpretive framework through the bidirectional interaction of ontology and praxiology, spanning the domains of cosmogony and the axiology of human life. Together, they constitute dual dimensions of cosmic generation and life philosophy. As the cosmic origin that “precedes heaven and earth” and the dynamic force that “pervades ceaselessly,” Dao guides the growth of all things through its principle of “natural non-action (ziran wuwei),” which constitutes the intrinsic logic of cosmic order. De, as the manifestation of individual praxis, serves as the tangible vehicle for the “movement of Dao.” It translates the metaphysical Dao into concrete life practices through self-cultivation principles such as “those with abundant Virtue (De) are likened to infants” and socio-ethical norms like “governing the state through rectitude.” This paper aims to elucidate the inherent logic connecting cosmology and ethics in Lao-Zhuang philosophy while revealing its contemporary relevance for reconstructing the human-nature relationship and enhancing spiritual cultivation in modern society.