早产儿脑损伤产前影响因素统计
Statistics of Prenatal Influencing Factors of Brain Injury in Premature Infants

目的：本研究旨在统计临床早产儿脑损伤现状及母亲产前影响因素。方法：收集住院治疗的133例早产儿病例，对早产儿一般资料、床旁超声表现及分级、复查超声表现及分级、母亲产前因素进行分析。结果：133例早产儿病例中，初次床旁超声提示单纯脑白质回声增强78.9%，单纯脑室周围–脑室内出血2.4%。脑白质回声增强伴脑室周围–脑室内出血18.8%。复查超声提示脑损伤82例，其中单纯脑白质回声增强65.9%，单纯脑室周围–脑室内出血12.2%，进展为脑室周围白质软化2.4%，脑室周围白质软化合并脑室周围–脑室内出血19.5%。早产儿母亲产前因素中，妊娠期高血压42.9%、妊娠期糖尿病24.1%、妊娠期贫血14.3%、先天性心脏病29.1%、未足月胎膜早破32.3%、脐绕颈29.3%、羊水污染16.5%、胎盘早剥12.8%。结论：早产儿脑损伤的主要诱因是缺血缺氧及感染。
Objective: This study aims to statistically analyze the current status of brain injury in clinical preterm infants and the maternal prenatal influencing factors. Methods: A total of 133 cases of premature infants hospitalized for treatment were collected, including general information, bedside ultrasound findings and grades of brain injury, follow-up ultrasound findings and grades of brain injury, and maternal prenatal factors. Results: Among the 133 preterm infants, 78.9% had simple cerebral white matter echogenicity on initial bedside ultrasound, 2.4% had simple intraventricular hemorrhage. 18.8% had simple cerebral white matter echogenicity with intraventricular hemorrhage. 82 of the infants had brain injury on follow-up ultrasound, with 65.9% having simple cerebral white matter echogenicity, 12.2% having simple intraventricular hemorrhage, 2.4% having progressive white matter softening around the ventricles, and 19.5% having ventricular white matter softening with intraventricular hemorrhage. Among the maternal prenatal factors, 42.9% had gestational hypertension, 24.1% had gestational diabetes, 14.3% had maternal anemia, 29.1% had congenital heart disease, 32.3% had premature rupture of membranes, 29.3% had umbilical cord entanglement, 16.5% had fetal membrane contamination, and 12.8% had placental abruption. Conclusion: The main inducing factors of brain injury in preterm infants are hypoxia and ischemia and infection.