国际视野下中小学劳动教育的比较研究
A Comparative Study of Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools from an International Perspective

在全球教育发展的背景下，劳动教育作为培养学生实践能力与价值观念的重要途径，已成为各国教育改革的核心议题。本文以德国、美国、日本为例，比较分析了三国中小学劳动教育的目标定位、课程内容、实施模式及评价机制，揭示了其共性与特色。研究发现，劳动教育需结合时代需求，注重实践性、综合性和协同育人。我国劳动教育虽已纳入国家课程体系，但仍面临课程边缘化、资源不足、评价体系缺失等问题。基于国际经验，本文提出四点启示：增强劳动教育的时代性与前瞻性，完善课程体系与资源保障，构建家校社协同机制，以及传承中华文化以彰显中国特色。通过借鉴国际经验与本土实践相结合，可为我国构建科学化、特色化的劳动教育体系提供重要参考。
In the context of global educational development, labor education, as an important means to cultivate students’ practical abilities and values, has become a core issue in educational reforms of various countries. This paper takes Germany, the United States, and Japan as examples, comparing and analyzing the target positioning, course content, implementation mode, and evaluation mechanism of labor education in primary and secondary schools of these three countries. It reveals their commonalities and characteristics. The research finds that labor education needs to be combined with the demands of the times, emphasizing practicality, comprehensiveness, and collaborative education. Although labor education has been included in the national curriculum system in China, it still faces problems such as curriculum marginalization, insufficient resources, and the absence of an evaluation system. Based on international experience, this paper offers four suggestions: enhancing the timeliness and forward-looking nature of labor education, improving the curriculum system and resource guarantee, establishing a home-school-community collaborative mechanism, and inheriting Chinese culture to demonstrate Chinese characteristics. By combining international experience with local practice, this paper can provide important references for building a scientific and distinctive labor education system in China.