The use of natural alternatives, such as microbes, to support seed germination is becoming more important as farmers seek eco-friendly ways to grow crops. This study examined how soaking tomato seeds in Spirulina or yeast suspensions affect their germination. Methods: Tomato seeds were soaked in Spirulina, yeast, or distilled water for 24 h as controls. The seeds were then placed in Petri dishes and observed for nine days to record how well and how fast they germinated. Results: Seeds soaked in Spirulina had the best results, with a 96% germination rate and faster growth. The yeast group performed better than the control group, with the lowest rate (70%). Conclusion: Soaking tomato seeds in Spirulina or yeast improved germination. Spirulina yielded the best result. These natural treatments could be useful in farming; however, more tests using different amounts and real field conditions are needed.
References
[1]
Nimsi, K.A., Manjusha, K., Kathiresan, K. and Arya, H. (2022) Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts (PGPY), the Latest Entrant for Use in Sustainable Agriculture: A Review. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 134, lxac088. https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxac088
[2]
Bewley, J.D. (1997) Seed Germination and Dormancy. The Plant Cell, 9, 1055-1066. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.7.1055
[3]
Chua, M., Erickson, T.E., Merritt, D.J., Chilton, A.M., Ooi, M.K.J. and Muñoz-Rojas, M. (2019) Bio-Priming Seeds with Cyanobacteria: Effects on Native Plant Growth and Soil Properties. Restoration Ecology, 28, S168-S176. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13040
[4]
Mukherjee, A., Verma, J.P., Gaurav, A.K., Chouhan, G.K., Patel, J.S. and Hesham, A.E. (2020) Yeast a Potential Bio-Agent: Future for Plant Growth and Postharvest Disease Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104, 1497-1510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10321-3
[5]
DiNicolantonio, J.J., Bhat, A.G. and OKeefe, J. (2020) Effects of Spirulina on Weight Loss and Blood Lipids: A Review. Open Heart, 7, e001003. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-001003
[6]
Mishra, P., Singh, V.P. and Prasad, S.M. (2014) Spirulina and Its Nutritional Importance: A Possible Approach for Development of Functional Food. Biochemical Pharmacology, 3, e171.
[7]
Abid, R., Waseem, H., Ali, J., Ghazanfar, S., Muhammad Ali, G., Elasbali, A.M., et al. (2022) Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces: Back to Nature to Improve Human Health. Journal of Fungi, 8, Article 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050444
[8]
Jach, M.E., Serefko, A., Ziaja, M. and Kieliszek, M. (2022) Yeast Protein as an Easily Accessible Food Source. Metabolites, 12, Article 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010063
[9]
Shalaby, M.E.S. and El-Nady, M.F. (2008) Application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Biocontrol Agent against Fusarium Infection of Sugar Beet Plants. Acta BiologicaSzegediensis, 52, 271-275.
[10]
Ehtaiwesh, A. (2023) The Effect of Yeast (Saccharomyces cereivisiae) on Growth of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants under Salinity Stress. The Libyan Journal of Science, 26, 27-36. https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/866
[11]
Hamouda, R.A., Shehawy, M.A., Mohy El Din, S.M., Albalwe, F.M., Albalawi, H.M.R. and Hussein, M.H. (2022) Protective Role of Spirulina platensis Liquid Extract against Salinity Stress Effects on Triticum aestivuml. Green Processing and Synthesis, 11, 648-658. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-0065
[12]
Arancon, N.Q., Pant, A., Radovich, T., Hue, N.V., Potter, J.K. and Converse, C.E. (2012) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato and Lettuce as Affected by Vermicompost Water Extracts (Teas). HortScience, 47, 1722-1728. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1722
[13]
Ogwu, M.C., Chime, A.O., Osawaru, M.E. and Emoekpere, R. (2014) Germination of Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai, Curcubitaceae] in Lead Polluted Petri Dish. Italian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5, 126-130.
[14]
Muhammad, S. and Amusa, N.A. (2003) Effects of Sulphuric Acid and Hot Water Treatments on Seed Germination of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L). African Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 376-279.
[15]
Thankappan, S., Sufin, S.S., Vinod, V., Aswathy, A. and Mohan, G. (2018) The Effect of Light, Darkness and Salinity on Seed Germination of Vinga radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. Journal of Advances in Biological Science, 5, 84-86.
[16]
Khaeim, H., Kende, Z., Balla, I., Gyuricza, C., Eser, A. and Tarnawa, Á. (2022) The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sustainability, 14, Article 3887. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073887
[17]
Feizi, H., Sahabi, H., Moghaddam, P.R., Shahtahmassebi, N., Gallehgir, O. and Amirmoradi, S. (2012) Impact of Intensity and Exposure Duration of Magnetic Field on Seed Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 4, 116-120.
[18]
Gairola, K.C., Nautiyal, A.R. and Dwivedi, A.K. (2011) Effect of Temperatures and Germination Media on Seed Germination of Jatropha curcas Linn. Advances in Bioresearch, 2, 66-71.
[19]
Sembada, A.A., Maki, S., Faizal, A., Fukuhara, T., Suzuki, T. and Lenggoro, I.W. (2023) The Role of Silica Nanoparticles in Promoting the Germination of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seeds. Nanomaterials, 13, Article 2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13142110
[20]
Xu, Q., Zhu, T., Zhao, R., Zhao, Y., Duan, Y., Liu, X., et al. (2023) Arthrospira Promotes Plant Growth and Soil Properties under High Salinity Environments. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, Article 1293958. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1293958
[21]
Parmar, P., Kumar, R., Neha, Y. and Srivatsan, V. (2023) Microalgae as Next Generation Plant Growth Additives: Functions, Applications, Challenges and Circular Bioeconomy Based Solutions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, Article 1073546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1073546
[22]
Hernández-Fernández, M., Cordero-Bueso, G., Ruiz-Muñoz, M. and Cantoral, J.M. (2021) Culturable Yeasts as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for a Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review. Plants, 10, Article 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050822
