基于实践波利亚解题表的教学案例研究——以2023年上海数学中考题为例
A Teaching Case Study Based on Polya’s Problem-Solving Table in Practice—Taking the 2023 Shanghai Mathematics High School Entrance Examination Questions as an Example

随着《义务教育数学课程标准(2022年版)》发布，上海中考试卷也随之发生改变。中考数学试卷更加注重对于学生思维能力的考查，其中25题区分度很高，成为广大师生研究的重点题型。鉴于此，本文基于波利亚的解题思想，以2023年上海市中考数学题25题为例，探讨教师在课堂教学中如何帮助学生提升思维能力，找到问题切入点及解题方法。
With the release of the “Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)”, the Shanghai middle school entrance examination papers have also undergone changes. The mathematics papers of the middle school entrance examination now place greater emphasis on the assessment of students’ thinking abilities, among which question 25 has a high degree of discrimination and has become a key type of question for both teachers and students to study. In light of this, this article, based on Polya’s problem-solving ideas, takes question 25 of the 2023 Shanghai middle school entrance examination mathematics paper as an example, explores how teachers can help students enhance their thinking abilities in classroom teaching, find the entry point of the problem, and discover the solution methods.