汉英中介语在二语习得中的负迁移
Negative Transfer of Chinese-English Interlanguage in Second Language Acquisition

中介语理论作为第二语言习得研究的关键框架，指学习者在二语习得过程中动态构建的、处于母语与目标语之间的过渡性语言体系。该体系具备结构性、交叉性、演变性及固化倾向等核心特征，对目标语习得成效具有直接干预作用。与之紧密关联的语言迁移现象，特指学习者母语或先前习得语言知识对目标语学习产生的跨语言影响效应，依据作用性质可划分为正向促进、负向干扰及中性无影响三类迁移类型。在对比分析英语与汉语时态系统的基础上，从语音规则、词汇选择、句法结构、语义逻辑及文化认知五个维度对中介语负迁移现象展开系统剖析。研究表明，通过辨识母语负迁移的具体表现形式，学习者能够有意识地调适认知策略，优化跨语言知识迁移路径。这一过程旨在弱化母语干扰强度，消解负迁移的阻碍效应，最终构建起更具适应性的二语习得机制，从而显著提升语言习得效能与目标语表达准确性。
As a crucial framework in second language acquisition research, the interlanguage theory refers to the transitional language system dynamically constructed by learners during the process of second language acquisition, which lies between their mother tongue and the target language. This system has core characteristics such as structurality, intersectionality, evolvability, and a tendency towards fossilization, and it has a direct intervening effect on the effectiveness of target language acquisition. The closely related phenomenon of language transfer specifically refers to the cross-linguistic influence of the learner’s mother tongue or previously acquired language knowledge on the learning of the target language. According to the nature of its effect, it can be classified into three types of transfer: positive promotion, negative interference, and neutral with no impact. Based on a comparative analysis of the tense systems of English and Chinese, a systematic analysis of the negative transfer phenomenon in interlanguage is carried out from five dimensions: phonetic rules, vocabulary selection, syntactic structures, semantic logic, and cultural cognition. The research shows that by identifying the specific manifestations of negative transfer from the mother tongue, learners can consciously adjust their cognitive strategies and optimize the path of cross-linguistic knowledge transfer. This process aims to weaken the intensity of mother tongue interference, eliminate the obstructive effect of negative transfer, and ultimately establish a more adaptable second language acquisition mechanism, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of language acquisition and the accuracy of target language expression.