弗氏心理学视域下重读《威廉·威尔逊》
A Psychoanalytic Reinterpretation of William Wilson

文章以弗洛伊德精神分析理论为框架，重新阐释埃德加·爱伦·坡短篇小说《威廉·威尔逊》的人格冲突机制。研究表明，主人公威廉的悲剧源于本我冲动的失控与超我的非理性压制的双重失衡：遗传的暴躁性格与家庭教养缺失导致本我欲望无法通过正常途径释放；布兰斯比书院混乱与压抑并存的空间结构催化了本我的病态代偿行为；象征超我的同名者以道德规训之名实施的持续压迫，最终激化了死本能的觉醒。研究揭示，威廉的毁灭本质上是人格结构中本我与超我在极端张力下的崩解，其悲剧性结局警示现代个体需在欲望与道德间建立动态平衡。
This study reinterprets the mechanism of personality conflict in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story William Wilson through the lens of Freudian psychoanalytic theory. The findings reveal that the protagonist William’s tragedy stems from a dual imbalance between the uncontrolled impulses of the id and the irrational suppression of the superego. His inherited violent temperament and deficient familial upbringing prevent the id’s desires from being released through normative channels. The chaotic yet repressive spatial structure ofBransbyschool further catalyzes the id’s pathological compensatory behaviors. The sustained oppression imposed by his eponymous double—symbolizing the superego under the guise of moral discipline—ultimately triggers the awakening of the death instinct. The research demonstrates that William’s demise reflects the disintegration of the id and superego under extreme tension within the personality structure. His tragic conclusion serves as a cautionary tale for modern individuals to establish a dynamic equilibrium between desire and morality.