弗洛姆的人性之爱及其价值意蕴探析
An Analysis on Erich Fromm’s Philosophy of Humanistic Love and Its Value Implications

《爱的艺术》是弗洛姆运用精神分析方法，以人性为出发点研究爱的理论专著。通过对爱进行本原意义上的探索，弗洛姆完成了他的一次现代性批判。弗洛姆认为，人的所有感情和追求都是人为解答他的存在问题所作的尝试，人性的展开即是人性的发展变化过程，是其生存问题的解答过程。对生存问题的具体解答就展露在人的特定性格中。从保存自我的意义上，弗洛姆判定了不同类型的现代人在应对生存问题的错误，进而提出只有自由独立的个体间以“给予”为核心的生产性的爱才是对生存问题的真正回答，唯有这种爱能够实现人性的积极表达，从而帮助现代人克服分离焦虑，解决生存危机。但由于弗洛姆在人性的定义上就存在抽象性，这注定了他的爱情救赎理论无法跨越乌托邦的藩篱。
Erich Fromm’s The Art of Loving is a theoretical treatise in which he employs psychoanalytic methodology to study love from the perspective of human nature. Through an ontological exploration of love, Fromm advances his critique of modernity. He posits that all human emotions and pursuits constitute attempts to address questions of human existence. The unfolding of human nature, in his view, parallels the evolutionary process of humanity and the continuous endeavor to resolve existential dilemmas. These resolutions, he argues, manifest concretely in the formation of distinct human character structures. From the standpoint of self-preservation, Fromm identifies the failures of modern individuals in confronting existential challenges. He contends that only productive love that is characterized by mutual “giving” between free and independent individuals provides a genuine resolution to existential crises. Such love, he asserts, enables the positive expression of human nature, thereby alleviating modern humanity’s separation anxiety and addressing its existential crisis. However, Fromm’s abstract conceptualization of human nature inherently limits his theory of redemptive love, confining it to the realm of utopian idealism rather than offering a practicable social solution.