The Tanzanian Pharmaceutical industry is one of the fundamental pillars of the country’s healthcare system, yet it largely suffers from a set of challenges, including competing with low-cost imported pharmaceutical products. Despite the growing demand for pharmaceutical products driven by urbanization and universal healthcare initiatives, local manufacturers supply only 20% of the population’s demand, leaving the rest of it covered by foreign producers. This study examines the challenges limiting the competitiveness of Tanzania’s pharmaceutical sector, including high production costs, reliance on imported raw materials, regulatory hurdles, infrastructure limitations, and an influx of cheaper imports. Using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative data analysis, the study identifies key barriers and explores potential strategies for strengthening local production. Findings indicate that policy support, improved infrastructure, technology upgrades, and financial incentives are essential to enhancing Tanzania’s pharmaceutical self-sufficiency. The study also highlights opportunities for growth and suggests that lessons from other African countries could inform policy interventions. Addressing these challenges could not only improve access to essential medicines but also drive economic growth and healthcare resilience in Tanzania.
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