三种鲚属鱼类耳石形态差异研究
Study on the Morphological Difference of Otolith in Three Species of Anchovy

鲚属鱼类是一种重要的经济鱼类，因不同地理环境的影响，造成不同种的鲚之间的经济价值有所差异。鱼类耳石存在于听泡中，而耳石在鱼类分类和年龄鉴定等方面具有重要作用。本研究通过耳石形态测量法对湖鲚、短颌鲚和3个不同群体刀鲚(辽河刀鲚、大洋河刀鲚和鸭绿江刀鲚)的耳石形态进行了差异性分析，并对鱼体长与耳石形态的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明，3个群体刀鲚与湖鲚和短颌鲚之间的耳石形态存在显著性差异；而在3个刀鲚群体之间同样存在显著性差异；而湖鲚与短颌鲚之间也存在差异性。此外，通过耳石形态判别分析发现，辽河刀鲚、大洋河刀鲚、鸭绿江刀鲚、湖鲚和短颌鲚的判别准确率分别为89.5%、86.7%、84.8%、90.0%和93.3%。由此得出试验鱼的体长均与耳石形态呈正相关关系。
Coilia is an important economic fish. Due to the influence of different geographical environments, the economic value of different species of Coilia. The otoliths of fish are located in the auditory vesicle and play an important role in fish classification and age determination. In this study, the morphological differences of otoliths among Coilia nasus taihuensis, Coilia brachygnathus, and three different groups of Coilia (Liaohe Coilia ectenes, Dayanghe Coilia ectenes, and Yalu River Coilia ectenes) were analyzed using the otolith morphology measurement method, and the relationship between fish body length and otolith morphology was also analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in otolith morphology among the three groups of Coilia and lake herring, short-snouted herring, and among the three knife herring groups themselves; and there were also differences between lake herring and short-snouted herring. In addition, through otolith morphology discriminant analysis, the discrimination accuracy rates of Liaohe Coilia ectenes, Dayanghe Coilia ectenes, and Yalu River Coilia ectenes, Coilia nasus taihuensis, and Coilia brachygnathus were 89.5%, 86.7%, 84.8%, 90.0%, and 93.3%, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the body length of the tested fish was positively correlated with the otolith morphology.