|
|
社会比较对亲社会行为的影响：社会比较效应的调节机制
|
Abstract:
社会比较(social comparison)是指人们对一个或多个他人与自己相关联信息进行比较思考的过程。本研究通过两个实验考察社会比较对亲社会行为的影响以及社会比较效应的作用。实验1采用智力测验排名法，探讨社会比较对亲社会行为的影响，结果发现社会比较差异显著，上行比较的亲社会行为显著高于下行比较。实验2采用学习能力情境启动法，考察社会比较效应在社会比较影响亲社会行为中的调节作用，结果发现社会比较主效应显著，社会比较效应和社会比较交互效应显著，与对比效应相比，同化效应下，亲社会行为显著增加。
Social comparison refers to the process in which people compare and think about the information related to themselves and one or more others. This study examines the influence of social comparison on prosocial behavior and the role of the social comparison effect through two experiments. Experiment 1 uses the ranking method of an intelligence test to explore the influence of social comparison on prosocial behavior. The results show that there are significant differences in social comparison, and the prosocial behavior upward social comparison is significantly higher than that in downward social comparison. Experiment 2 uses the situational priming method of learning ability to investigate the regulatory role of the social comparison effect in the influence of social comparison on prosocial behavior. The results show that the main effect of social comparison is significant, and both the social comparison effect and the interaction effect of social comparison are significant. Compared with the contrast effect, under the assimilation effect, prosocial behavior increases significantly.
| [1] | 成翔, 李方君(2023). 被妒忌的矛盾反应: 基于能动与共生的自我视角. 心理科学进展, 31(12), 2406-2418. |
| [2] | 贾建锋, 刘伟鹏, 段锦云, 赵洋(2024). 妒忌还是钦佩: 员工对同事被授权的心理与行为反应. 心理学报, 56(10), 1401-1416. |
| [3] | 寇彧, 田启瑞, 唐顺艳(2012). 社会比较视角下的亲社会行为研究及其培养. 教育研究与实验, 1(1), 85-90. |
| [4] | 李轶凡, 唐一鹏, 黄忠敬(2025). 父母教养方式对青少年共情能力的影响——基于SSES 2019数据比较. 比较教育学报, (1), 100-112. |
| [5] | 芦学璋, 郭永玉, 李静(2014). 社会阶层与亲社会行为: 回报预期的调节作用. 心理科学, 37(5), 1212-1219. |
| [6] | 谈晨皓, 王沛, 崔诣晨(2017). 我会在谁面前舍弃利益?——博弈对象的能力与社会距离对名利博弈倾向的影响. 心理学报, 49(9), 1206-1218. |
| [7] | 王汪帅, 易颜熙, 罗芷薇, 厉杰(2024). 内卷还是躺平?竞争压力如何影响心理补偿. 心理科学进展, 32(7), 1057-1072. |
| [8] | 吴胜涛, 高承海, 胡琬莹, 王宁, 彭凯平(2025). 集体主义促进亲社会正义感: 共同责任的作用. 心理学报, 57(4), 700-724. |
| [9] | 谢其利, 宛蓉, 张睿, 江光荣(2016). 歧视知觉与农村贫困大学生孤独感: 核心自我评价、朋友支持的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 32(5), 614-622. |
| [10] | 杨继, 李柯漾, 郑文浩, 郭斯萍(2025). 人何以“泛爱众”?儒家伦理精神性对大学生亲社会行为的促进机制. 中国临床心理学杂志, (1), 66-70+222. |
| [11] | 赵偲琪, 刘若婷, 胡晓檬(2024). 全人类认同提升亲社会心理和行为及其解释机制. 心理科学进展, 32(10), 1697-1708. |
| [12] | 钟毅平, 杨子鹿, 范伟(2015). 自我-他人重叠对助人行为的影响: 观点采择的调节作用. 心理学报, 47(8), 1050-1057. |
| [13] | 邹建文, 杨继生(2024). 高阶收入风险、收入流动与不平等. 经济学(季刊), 24(1), 30-49. |
| [14] | Balliet, D., Wu, J., & De Dreu, C. K. W. (2014). Ingroup Favoritism in Cooperation: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1556-1581. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037737 |
| [15] | Block, J. I., Fudenberg, D., & Levine, D. K. (2019). Learning Dynamics with Social Comparisons and Limited Memory. Theoretical Economics, 14, 135-172. https://doi.org/10.3982/te2626 |
| [16] | Buritica, J. M., Eppinger, B., Schuck, N. W. et al. (2016). Electrophysiological Correlates of Observational Learning in Children. Developmental Science, 19, 699-790. |
| [17] | Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social Comparison Orientation: A New Perspective on Those Who Do and Those Who Don’t Compare with Others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 91-92. |
| [18] | DeWall, C. N., Baumeister, R. F., Gailliot, M. T. et al. (2008). Depletion Makes the Heart Grow Less Helpful: Helping as a Function of Self-Regulatory Energy and Genetic Relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1653-1662. |
| [19] | Galang, C., & Obhi, S. S. (2020). Automatic Imitation Does Not Predict Levels of Prosocial Behaviour in a Modified Dictator Game. Acta Psychologica, 204, 160-175. |
| [20] | Gerber, J. P., Wheeler, L., & Suls, J. (2018). A Social Comparison Theory Meta-Analysis 60+ Years on. Psychological Bulletin, 144, 177-197. |
| [21] | Gneezy, U. (2008). What’s in a Name? Anonymity and Social Distance in Dictator and Ultimatum Games. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 67, 292-298. |
| [22] | Greve, F., & Newspapers, M. C. (2006). America’s Poor Are Its Most Generous Givers. Journal of Library Science in China, 2, 758-765. |
| [23] | Hansson, K., Habibnia, H., Goetze, M., & Fiedler, S. (2024). The Beauty of Prosocial Behavior: The Bi-Directional Link between Attractiveness and Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 219, 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.01.013 |
| [24] | Jin, L., Jowsey, T., & Yin, M. (2024). Correction: Medical Students’ Perceptions of Prosocial Behaviors: A Grounded Theory Study in China. BMC Medical Education, 24, Article No. 434. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05418-x |
| [25] | Liu, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, F., & Wang, R. (2020). Diffusion Sustains Cooperation via Forming Diverse Spatial Patterns in Prisoner’s Dilemma Game. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 375, Article 125077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2020.125077 |
| [26] | Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2015). Having Less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 771-784. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020092 |
| [27] | Posel, D., & Rogan, M. (2017). Inequality, Social Comparisons and Minimum Income Aspirations: Evidence from South Africa. Rhodes University, Institute of Social and Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/59509 |
| [28] | Posel, D., & Rogan, M. (2018). Inequality, Social Comparisons and Minimum Income Aspirations: Evidence from South Africa. Rhodes University, Institute of Social and Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/59509 |
| [29] | Rand, D. G., & Nowak, M. A. (2013). Human Cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 413-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.003 |
| [30] | Rand, D. G., Brescoll, V. L., Everett, J. A. C., Capraro, V., & Barcelo, H. (2016). Social Heuristics and Social Roles: Intuition Favors Altruism for Women but Not for Men. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000154 |
| [31] | Sarah, J., & Tobias, G. (2017). Exploring the Role of Spatial Frequency Information during Neural Emotion Processing in Human Infants. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 486-494. |
| [32] | Schlosser, A. E. (2016). Helping Others or Oneself: How Direction of Comparison Affects Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26, 61-73. |
| [33] | Shapley, R., Nunez, V., & Gordon, J. (2024). Low Luminance Contrast’s Effect on the Color Appearance of S-Cone Patterns. Vision Research, 222, Article 108448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108448 |
| [34] | Sisco, M. R., & Weber, E. U. (2019). Examining Charitable Giving in Real-World Online Donations. Nature Communications, 10, 1203-1222. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11852-z |
| [35] | Sndergaard, D. M. (2019). Psychology, Ethics, and New Materialist Thinking—Using a Study of Sexualized Digital Practices as an Example. Human Arenas, 2, 483-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-019-00064-y |
| [36] | Song, Y., & Chen, W. (2018). Social Comparison Pressure and Increase in Corporate Philanthropy. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018, Article 16095. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.16095abstract |
| [37] | Tsai, C. A., & Kang, T. C. (2019). Reciprocal Intention in Knowledge Seeking: Examining Social Exchange Theory in an Online Professional Community. International Journal of Information Management, 48, 161-174. |
| [38] | Woo, B., Wang, K., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2018). Perceived Social Position of Asian Americans: Neighborhood Context and Social Comparison. Social Indicators Research, 138, 1075-1087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1712-3 |
| [39] | Wood, J. V. (1996). What Is Social Comparison and How Should We Study It? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 520-537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296225009 |
| [40] | Xu, G., Sanfey, A. G., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Social Rank and Social Cooperation: Impact of Social Comparison Processes on Cooperative Decision-Making. PLOS ONE, 12, e0175472. |
| [41] | Yang, C., & Robinson, A. (2018). Not Necessarily Detrimental: Two Social Comparison Orientations and Their Associations with Social Media Use and College Social Adjustment. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.020 |
| [42] | Zhan, Y., Xiao, X., Tan, Q., Li, J., Fan, W., Chen, J. et al. (2020). Neural Correlations of the Influence of Self‐Relevance on Moral Decision‐Making Involving a Trade‐Off between Harm and Reward. Psychophysiology, 57, e13508. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13590 |
| [43] | Zheng, X., Ernest, B., & Peng, S. (2018). Feeling Inferior, Showing Off: The Effect of Nonmaterial Social Comparisons on Conspicuous Consumption. Journal of Business Research, 90, 196-205. |
