萨特存在主义视域下电影《哪吒》中的“我命由我不由天”
Sartre’s Existentialist Perspective on “My Fate Is Not God’s” in the Movie “Ne Zha”

在农历新年伊始，国产动画电影《哪吒之魔童闹海》(以下简称《哪吒2》)正式公映，并迅速攀升至全球动画电影票房榜首。回顾历史，2019年夏季，《哪吒之魔童降世》(以下简称《哪吒1》)以50.3亿元人民币的票房成绩，开创了中国动画电影的新篇章。影片中，哪吒面对魔丸宿命的抗争，高呼“我命由我不由天”，激发了观众的强烈共鸣。而《哪吒2》结尾处的“难道你还想改变这世界？”“我想试试。”则进一步深化了这一主题。本文拟从萨特存在主义哲学中“存在先于本质”的观点出发，深入探讨“我命由我不由天”的哲学内涵，阐释自在与自为的关系以及自由的边界，旨在解构本质主义视角下命定论的局限。
At the beginning of the Lunar New Year, the Chinese animated film “Ne Zha’s Magic Child Descends to the Sea” (hereinafter referred to as “Ne Zha 2”) was officially released in theaters and rapidly ascended to the pinnacle of the global box office list of animated films. A retrospective analysis reveals that in the summer of 2019, the inaugural release of Ne Zha’s Descent of the Devil Child (hereinafter referred to as Ne Zha 1) marked a significant milestone in the evolution of Chinese animated cinema, generating a box office revenue of RMB 5.03 billion. The narrative of Nezha’s internal conflict, juxtaposed against the allure of the demonic pill, resonated profoundly with the audience. The poignant cry of “My destiny is my destiny, not God’s” encapsulates the thematic essence of the film. The culmination of Ne Zha 2, accompanied by the poignant query, “Do you still want to change the world?” leaves the viewer with a profound sense of introspection. The subsequent scene, titled “I want to try,” serves as a poignant deepening of this thematic undercurrent. In the context of Sartre’s existentialist philosophy, particularly the concept of “existence precedes essence,” this paper aims to delve into the philosophical implications of the notion “my destiny is mine but not God’s.” It seeks to elucidate the interplay between self-existence and self-activity, as well as to delineate the boundaries of freedom. Ultimately, the paper seeks to deconstruct the limitations of the theory of destiny from the perspective of essentialism.