贵阳龙洞堡国际机场复杂天气特征分析
Analysis of Complex Weather Characteristics at Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport

本文基于贵阳龙洞堡国际机场2008~2022年逐小时气象观测数据及2020~2024年航班运行数据，系统分析了雷暴、低云低能见度、冰雪凝冻、大风和风切变等复杂天气的时空分布特征及其对航班运行的影响机制。研究发现：雷暴主要集中在5~8月的午后至夜间，低云低能见度以冬季辐射雾和锋面雾为主，冰雪凝冻多发生于12月至次年2月，大风和风切变在春季频发。强对流天气是导致航班返航备降的主要原因(占比72%)，低云低能见度和冰雪凝冻则显著增加航班延误风险(分别占比49%和18%)。结合机场运行标准，提出优化低能见度运行程序、加强季节性天气预警、完善跑道除冰策略等针对性建议，为西南高原复杂地形机场的气象服务和航班调度提供科学依据。
Based on the hourly meteorological observation data of Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport from 2008 to 2022 and the flight operation data from 2020 to 2024, this paper systematically analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of complex weather conditions such as thunderstorms, low clouds and low visibility, ice and snow freezing, strong winds, and wind shear, as well as their impact mechanisms on flight operations. The study finds that thunderstorms mainly occur in the afternoon and night from May to August, low clouds and low visibility are dominated by winter radiation fog and frontal fog, ice and snow freezing mostly happen from December to February of the following year, and strong winds and wind shear frequently occur in spring. Severe convective weather is the main cause of flight diversion and return (accounting for 72%), while low clouds and low visibility and ice and snow freezing significantly increase the risk of flight delays (accounting for 49% and 18% respectively). In combination with the airport operation standards, targeted suggestions such as optimizing low visibility operation procedures, strengthening seasonal weather warnings, and improving runway de-icing strategies are proposed, providing a scientific basis for meteorological services and flight scheduling at complex terrain airports in the southwest plateau.