ERA5高空数据在贵阳机场冬季运行中的适用性分析
Applicability Analysis of ERA5 Upper-Air Data in Winter Operations at Guiyang Airport

为评估ERA5再分析数据在贵阳机场高空气象要素方面的适用性，本文将ERA5数据与贵阳机场的实际观测数据进行了比较分析，深入探讨了其在温度、湿度、气压以及风场等常规气象要素上的具体表现。研究结果显示，ERA5数据与贵阳机场实际观测数据基本一致，其中ERA5的温度资料与微波辐射计的温度在低层的一致性较高，ERA5的值比微波辐射计测得的值偏大，总的平均偏差为1.9℃；ERA5的温度资料与微波辐射计的相对湿度随着高度的增加差异越大，均方根误差和平均偏差平均值分别为13%和10%；ERA5的风速资料比风廓线雷达的风速偏小，均方根误差和平均偏差的平均值分别为3.1 m/s和1.3 m/s，相关性高达0.93；ERA5的风向资料与风廓线雷达的风向越到高层差异越小，反应的主要方位角基本一致。
To assess the applicability of ERA5 reanalysis data in upper air meteorological elements at Guiyang Airport, this paper compares ERA5 data with the actual observational data of Guiyang Airport and explores its performance in conventional meteorological elements such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind field. The results show that ERA5 data is generally consistent with the actual observational data of Guiyang Airport. The temperature data of ERA5 is highly consistent with the temperature measured by microwave radiometer in the lower layer, but the values of ERA5 are larger than those measured by microwave radiometer, with an average deviation of 1.9？C. The relative humidity data of ERA5 and the relative humidity measured by microwave radiometer have greater differences as the height increases, with the average values of root-mean-square error and average deviation being 13% and 10% respectively. The wind speed data of ERA5 is smaller than that measured by wind profiler radar, with the average values of root-mean-square error and average deviation being 3.1 m/s and 1.3 m/s respectively, and the correlation is as high as 0.93. The difference between the wind direction data of ERA5 and the wind direction measured by wind profiler radar becomes smaller in the upper layer, and the main azimuth angles they reflect are basically the same.