Surveillance Analysis of Five Malignant Tumors Incidence in Panama from 2010-2020

Malignant tumors have developed as one of the most serious global health problems, with a current estimate that one in four people will develop a malignant tumor during their lifetime. In 2022, there were 20 million new cases diagnosed worldwide, resulting in 9.7 million deaths. Due to lifestyle changes, behavioral factors, and increased life expectancy, this rapid increase presents challenges for countries like Panama, where malignant tumors affect the individual and the national economy. Previous research focused on the mortality rate of malignant tumors in Panama but did not show the incidence trend or geographical characteristics of these tumors. In this study, we analyze data from 2010 to 2020 in Panama, the incidence trend, and differences of the five leading malignant tumors, such as C16-stomach, C18-colon, C34-lung, C42-hematopoietic system and reticuloendothelial, and C44: skin in terms of geographical distribution, gender, age, and economy were analyze. The results demonstrated a gradual increase from 2010 until peaking in 2019, with a temporary decline in 2015. Overall, females showed significantly higher rates than males (p < 0.05). Geographically, Herrera and Los Santos provinces developed as high-risk areas, while Indigenous regions showed concerning evidence of underreporting, reflecting potential healthcare access barriers. This research fills crucial gaps in understanding Panama’s malignant tumor epidemiology and provides more foundations for public health policies. The findings highlight the urgent need for early adapted detection programs for vulnerable populations and prevention strategies addressing regional specificities, helping reduce the disease’s human suffering and economic burden.