当前刑事司法体系下轻微犯罪记录封存制度构建研究
Research on the Construction of a System for Sealing Minor Criminal Records under the Current Criminal Justice System

近年来我国犯罪结构呈现出轻刑化趋势，轻微刑事案件占比显著提升，但现存犯罪记录封存制度与治理需求存在巨大脱节，有轻微犯罪记录的人因“犯罪标签”长久面临就业歧视、社会排斥，加剧再犯风险与社会治理隐患。对此，需从适用范围界定、封存流程规范化及保障机制完善等维度构建制度体系，衔接未成年人犯罪记录封存制度经验，兼顾社会安定与个体权益，依靠立法细化、程序优化以及配套措施的健全，促进犯罪者再社会化，推动社会治理现代化与实质正义的实现。
In recent years, China’s criminal structure has shown a trend toward leniency in sentencing, with minor offense cases accounting for a significantly increased proportion. However, the existing criminal record sealing system exhibits a substantial disconnect from governance demands. Individuals with minor criminal records persistently face employment discrimination and social exclusion due to their “criminal label,” exacerbating recidivism risks and social governance vulnerabilities. To address this, it is necessary to construct an institutional framework from dimensions including scope definition, standardization of sealing procedures, and improvement of safeguarding mechanisms. Drawing on the experience of the juvenile criminal record sealing system, this approach should balance social stability and individual rights. Through legislative refinement, procedural optimization, and enhancement of supporting measures, it aims to facilitate offenders’ re-socialization, promote the modernization of social governance, and advance the realization of substantive justice.