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生物质衍生碳基氧还原电催化剂的研究进展
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Abstract:
氧还原(Oxygen Reduction Reaction, ORR)电催化剂是燃料电池中核心材料之一，开发活性高、稳定性好、廉价的电催化剂制备技术对推动燃料电池大规模商业化应用至关重要。与金属基ORR电催化剂(如低Pt电催化剂、非贵金属电催化剂等)相比，具有导电性好、稳定性高、孔隙率和形貌及功能性可调等诸多优点的碳基电催化剂则更具有竞争力。生物质是自然界中最为丰富的可再生资源，通常富含多种杂原子，近年来由生物质合成的碳基ORR电催化剂引起研究者们的广泛关注。本文以生物质来源(植物类、动物废弃物类)为出发点，从合成策略、物理/化学性质、电催化活性、抗毒化能力及耐久性等方面，对生物质衍生碳基ORR催化剂的最新研究进展进行了综述，并分析了制备过程中存在的难点，对该领域的研究前景进行了展望。
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst is one of the core materials in fuel cells. It is very important to develop an electrocatalyst preparation technology with high activity, good stability and low cost to promote the large-scale commercial application of fuel cells. Compared with metal-based ORR electrocatalysts (such as low Pt electrocatalyst and non-noble metal electrocatalyst), the carbon-based electrocatalysts have many advantages such as good electrical conductivity, high stability, adjustable porosity, morphology and functionality, etc., which are more competitive. Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource in nature, which is usually rich in a variety of heteroatoms. In recent years, carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts synthesized from biomass have attracted extensive attention of researchers. Based on the types of biomasses (plant, animal waste) as a starting point, from the synthetic strategy, physical/chemical properties, catalytic activity, poison resistance and durability, etc., the latest research progress of biomass-derived carbon-based ORR electricity catalysts are reviewed, the difficulties that exist in the preparation process are analyzed, and the research prospects in this field are also discussed.
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