县域普通高中“塌陷”现象的多维成因与振兴路径
Multi-Dimensional Causes and Revitalization Pathways for the “Collapse” Phenomenon of County-Level Public High Schools

县域普通高中(简称“县中”)作为我国高中教育的重要组成部分，近年来面临优质生源流失、师资力量削弱、教育质量下滑等“塌陷”困境，严重影响了县域教育生态和社会经济发展。本文从教育内卷化、城市化进程、生源流失及体制机制等多维度分析了“县中塌陷”的成因，指出片面追求升学率、城乡教育资源失衡、优质生源流失的恶性循环以及财政投入不足等问题是导致县中困境的关键因素。同时，结合县域家长的择校行为逻辑，从经济学、社会学和心理学视角探讨了其背后的理性权衡、文化再生产及有限理性决策机制。针对这些问题，本文提出破解县中发展困境的对策建议，包括推动市县协同发展、完善评价帮扶机制、实施特色错位竞争、提升县域教育吸引力等，旨在通过多措并举重塑县中教育生态，为县域教育振兴提供理论参考和实践路径。
County-level public high schools (“county high schools”) are an important component of China’s high school education system. In recent years, they have faced the “collapse” predicament of losing quality student sources, weakening teacher forces, and declining educational quality, which has seriously affected the county-level educational ecology and socioeconomic development. This paper analyzes the causes of the “county high school collapse” from multiple dimensions, including educational involution, urbanization process, student source loss, and institutional mechanisms. It points out that the key factors leading to the predicament of county high schools are the one-sided pursuit of college admission rates, the urban-rural imbalance of educational resources, the vicious cycle of quality student source loss, and insufficient fiscal investment. Combining the school choice behavior logic of parents in county areas, the paper also explores the rational trade-offs, cultural reproduction, and bounded rationality decision-making mechanisms behind this from economic, sociological, and psychological perspectives. To address these issues, the paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to break through the development predicament of county high schools, including promoting coordinated development between cities and counties, improving evaluation and support mechanisms, implementing distinctive and differentiated competition, and enhancing the attractiveness of county-level education. The aim is to revitalize the county-level educational ecology through multi-pronged efforts, providing theoretical references and practical paths for the revitalization of county-level education.