Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated risk factors among older Zhuang adults residing in Southwest China. Methods: A total of 1757 participants aged 60 years, comprising 1015 females and 742 males were recruited. The height and weight were determined using a height meter and scale, respectively. The skeletal muscle mass index was estimated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis-based body composition analysis to quantify the muscle mass of the upper and lower limbs, fat mass, total energy metabolism, and basal metabolism. Results: The total prevalence of sarcopenia was 29.37%, including 12.92% male and 16.45% female, The prevalence rates of male and female were 30.59% and 28.47%, respectively. The sarcopenia group was older and had lower BMI, fat mass, basal metabolism, and total energy metabolism (p < 0.001) than the non-sarcopenia group. Age, gender (β = 0.585, p < 0.001), BMI (β = 0.313, p < 0.001), fat mass (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), and total energy metabolism (β = 0.001, p < 0.001) were shown to be predictors of skeletal muscle mass index by linear regression analysis. Age, male gender (OR = 11.860, 95% CI: 5.691 - 24.717, p < 0.001), and fat mass (OR = 1.952, 95% CI: 1.769 - 2.154, p < 0.001) were identified as risk variables for sarcopenia in the older adult of Guangxi Zhuang. BMI (OR = 0.193, 95% CI: 0.157 - 0.237, p < 0.001) and total energy metabolism (OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.992 – 0.994, p < 0.001) were protective variables against sarcopenia. Age, male gender, and fat mass remained risk variables for sarcopenia after stratified analysis based on BMI. Conclusion: The frequency of male sarcopenia in the senior population of Zhuang is greater than that of females. Low BMI, fat mass, basal metabolism, and total energy metabolism were seen in individuals with sarcopenia. Age and fat mass are risk factors for sarcopenia. Total energy metabolism is a sarcopenia preventive factor.
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