The Effect of 0.1 mT Electromagnetic Field on the Behavior of Rats in an Open Field

The increasing prevalence of artificial electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sources has raised concerns about their potential impact on biological systems, particularly through modifications of the natural electromagnetic background. This study investigates the behavioral effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure (0.1 mT, 50 Hz) on male Wistar rats using the open field test, a widely accepted model for assessing emotionality, exploratory activity, and locomotion in rodents. Twenty 5-month-old male rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n = 10 each). The experimental group was exposed to a uniform EMF for 24 hours, after which behavioral observations were conducted immediately and repeated 24 hours post-exposure. Parameters assessed included latency to exit the central circle, number of crossed sectors, immobility cycles, vertical ascents, grooming behavior, and stress-related markers such as urination and defecation. EMF-exposed rats exhibited increased locomotor and exploratory activity, including a greater number of crossed sectors and vertical ascents, along with longer grooming durations and shorter immobility times. Notably, markers of emotional reactivity, such as increased urination and bolus count, were elevated in the exposed group, suggesting heightened anxiety. These behavioral differences were statistically significant (p = 0.032) across key parameters, including latency to leave the center, number of sector crossings, and immobility duration. The findings suggest that even short-term exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields can induce measurable and significant alterations in emotional and exploratory activity in rats, potentially reflecting underlying neurophysiological alterations. The results underscore the need for further investigation into the biological consequences of prolonged EMF exposure in both environmental and occupational contexts.