|
|
大学生睡眠时型与主客观警觉度之间的关系
|
Abstract:
睡眠作为人类生命活动中不可缺少的部分，时刻影响着个体的身心状况，许多大学生因学业压力、社交活动以及不规律的作息时间等原因，导致入睡时间推迟和早晨起床困难，进而出现失眠、昼夜节律紊乱等睡眠问题。警觉作为个体对外界刺激的反应能力及对环境变化的感知敏感功能之一，它不仅涉及注意力水平，还包括信息处理速度、反应时长及决策能力等，研究表明不同睡眠时型在认知和行为表现上也存在着明显的差异。本研究主要探讨不同睡眠时型与主、客观警觉度测试的关系，通过将不同类型睡眠时型的学生在同一时段的表现以及同一睡眠时型的学生在不同时间段的表现进行对比，以考察睡眠时型和时间对个体警觉度的影响，并结合客观警觉度测试和主观警觉度问卷进行比较分析。结果表明不同睡眠时型在警觉度及心理健康状况上存在显著差异，对于PVT平均反应时而言，睡眠时型的主效应显著，夜晚型被试用时小于中间型(F = 17.525, p < 0.001，偏η2 = 0.031)，但测试时间的主效应(F = 0.733，p = 0.481，偏η2 = 0.003)以及睡眠时型和测试时间的交互效应(F = 1.257，p = 0.285，偏η2 = 0.005)均不显著。对于ARSQ睡意得分而言，睡眠时型的主效应显著，夜晚型被试得分高于中间型(F = 6.018，p = 0.014，偏η2 = 0.011)，测试时间的主效应显著，晚上测试时得分显著低于下午(F = 4.972，p = 0.007，偏η2 = 0.018)，但睡眠时型与测试时间的交互效应不显著(F = 0.329，p = 0.719，偏η2 = 0.001)。
Sleep as an indispensable part of human life activities, always affects the physical and mental conditions of individuals, many college students due to academic pressure, social activities and irregular work and rest time, resulting to the delay of sleep time and get up difficult in the morning, and then insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder and other sleep problems. Alert as an individual response to external stimuli and one of the sensitive function of environmental changes, it not only involves attention level, also includes information processing speed, reaction time and decision-making ability, in real life, the alertness directly affects the individual behavior, decision-making ability and its ability to adapt to the environment. Studies have shown that there are also obvious differences in cognitive and behavioral performance between different sleep time patterns, and the differences in daytime alertness are also one of the important topics studied. This study mainly discusses the relationship between different sleep patterns and subjective and objective alertness test, by comparing the performance of different types of sleep pattern students in the same period and the performance of the same sleep pattern in different periods, to examine the influence of sleep time type and time on individual alertness, and combining the objective alertness test and subjective alertness questionnaire. The results showed that there were significant differences in alertness and mental health between sleep
| [1] | Alvaro, P.K., Roberts, R.M. and Harris, J.K. (2014) The Independent Relationships between Insomnia, Depression, Subtypes of Anxiety, and Chronotype during Adolescence. Sleep Medicine, 15, 934-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.019 |
| [2] | Killgore, W.D.S. (2010) Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition. In: Progress in Brain Research, Elsevier, 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5 |
| [3] | Adan, A. and Natale, V. (2002) Gender Differences in Morningness-Eveningness Preference. Chronobiology International, 19, 709-720. https://doi.org/10.1081/cbi-120005390 |
| [4] | Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P.P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., et al. (2004) A Marker for the End of Adolescence. Current Biology, 14, R1038-R1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039 |
| [5] | Satterfield, B.C., Wisor, J.P., Field, S.A., Schmidt, M.A. and Van Dongen, H.P.A. (2015) TNFα G308A Polymorphism Is Associated with Resilience to Sleep Deprivation-Induced Psychomotor Vigilance Performance Impairment in Healthy Young Adults. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 47, 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.009 |
| [6] | Schulte Holthausen, B. and Habel, U. (2018) Sex Differences in Personality Disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20, Article No. 107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0975-y |
| [7] | Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R. and Dement, W.C. (1973) Quantification of Sleepiness: A New Approach. Psychophysiology, 10, 431-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x |
| [8] | Adan, A. (1991) Influence of Morningness-Eveningness Preference in the Relationship between Body Temperature and Performance: A Diurnal Study. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1159-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90080-u |
| [9] | Warm, J.S., Parasuraman, R. and Matthews, G. (2008) Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and Is Stressful. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50, 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008x312152 |
| [10] | Lim, J. and Dinges, D.F. (2010) A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Short-Term Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Variables. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 375-389. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018883 |
| [11] | Diaz, B.A., Van Der Sluis, S., Benjamins, J.S., Stoffers, D., Hardstone, R., Mansvelder, H.D., et al. (2014) The ARSQ 2.0 Reveals Age and Personality Effects on Mind-Wandering Experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00271 |
| [12] | Chee, M.W. and Chuah, L.Y. (2008) Functional Neuroimaging Insights into How Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Affect Memory and Cognition. Current Opinion in Neurology, 21, 417-423. https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e3283052cf7 |
| [13] | Watson, D., Clark, L.A. and Tellegen, A. (1988) Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063 |
| [14] | Brummett, B.H., Barefoot, J.C., Siegler, I.C., Clapp-Channing, N.E., Lytle, B.L., Bosworth, H.B., et al. (2001) Characteristics of Socially Isolated Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Who Are at Elevated Risk for Mortality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200103000-00010 |
| [15] | Foster, R.G., Hughes, S. and Peirson, S.N. (2020) Circadian Photoentrainment in Mice and Humans. Biology, 9, Article 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070180 |
| [16] | Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. and Mermelstein, R. (1983) A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404 |
| [17] | Raichle, M.E., MacLeod, A.M., Snyder, A.Z., Powers, W.J., Gusnard, D.A. and Shulman, G.L. (2001) A Default Mode of Brain Function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 676-682. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 |
| [18] | Beatty, J. (1982) Task-Evoked Pupillary Responses, Processing Load, and the Structure of Processing Resources. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 276-292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.2.276 |
