全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Critique of the Concept of Inertia

DOI: 10.4236/ojpp.2025.152030, PP. 509-528

Keywords: Gravitational Dynamics, Inertia, Field Theory, Gravitational Field

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

There are two forces associated with mass: static and dynamic force, or, by other names, the weight and inertial force. The mass, the source of these forces, is defined once by Newton’s law of gravitation for static force and a second time by the equation of motion F = ma for dynamic force. It is assumed that the masses in these two cases are equivalent. Einstein extended this equivalence and assumed that the gravitational field and acceleration are equivalent. I will argue that the gravitational field and acceleration are not equivalent. The force caused by the gravitational field has a reaction force on another mass, satisfying the principle of action and reaction. Assigning an inertial property to the mass and explaining inertial force by inertial mass that resists acceleration in space violates the principle of action and reaction. The principle of action and reaction is satisfied in every experiment with mass dynamics on the Earth. All our experience with mass dynamics is based on observations and experiments on or near the Earth. Discussed is the explanation of the inertial force by the field theory that satisfies the principle of action and reaction. According to this concept, every mass that accelerates relative to the centre of masses creates a dynamic gravitational field in the space around it, and this field creates inertial force. In the field concept of inertial force, the mass of the Earth plays a fundamental role in creating an inertial force. The most serious criticism of the field concept of inertial force is that such a field may not exist, as no one has detected it. A laboratory experiment that can detect a dynamic gravitational field or invalidate the force field concept of inertial force is proposed to address that criticism. The experiment is designed to test if the principle of action and reaction is valid for mass dynamics or if acceleration and gravitational field are equivalent. Mentioned are some observations in nature, and it is shown that the field theory of inertial force agrees with those observations. It is pointed out that astronomical observations of the velocity of the stars in the galaxy suggest that a dynamic gravitational field could exist.

References

[1]  Cavendish, H. (2011). Experiments to Determine the Density of the Earth. In S. E. Thorpe (Ed.), The Scientific Papers of the Honourable Henry Cavendish (pp. 249-286). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511722424.019
[2]  Einstein, A. (2017). The Meaning of Relativity. Benediction Classics.
[3]  Einstein, A., Lorentz, H. A., Weil, H., & Minkowski, H. (1923). The Principle of Relativity. Dover Publications Inc.
[4]  Heaviside, O. (1893). A Gravitational and Electromagnetic Analogy—Part I. The Electrician, 31, 281-282.
[5]  Lelli, F., McGaugh, S. S., Schombert, J. M., & Pawlowski, M. S. (2017). One Law to Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 836, Article No. 152.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/152
[6]  Mach, E. (1989). The Science of Mechanics. Open Court Classics.
[7]  Maxwell, J. C. (1864). A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field. The Royal Society.
https://doi.org/10.5479/sil.423156.39088007130693
[8]  Milgrom, M. (1983). A Modification of the Newtonian Dynamics as a Possible Alternative to the Hidden Mass Hypothesis. The Astrophysical Journal, 270, 365-370.
https://doi.org/10.1086/161130
[9]  Newton, I. (2010). The Principia Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Snowball Publishing.
[10]  Popper, K. R. (1985). Popper Selections. Edited by David Miller, Princeton University Press.
[11]  Sciama, D. W. (1953). On the Origin of Inertia. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 113, 34-42.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/113.1.34
[12]  Su, C. C. (2001). A Local-Ether Model of Propagation of Electromagnetic Wave. The European Physical Journal C, 21, 701-715.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s100520100759

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133