|
|
Spontaneous Corneal Rupture of an Eye with Pellucid Marginal Degeneration, PMD
|
Abstract:
Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) is the second-most common noninflammatory corneal degeneration after keratoconus. We report a case of a 42-year-old Saudi male who presented with spontaneous corneal perforation at the Pellucid Marginal Degeneration crescent in the left eye that healed with medical treatment. The perforation cornea was treated topically with cyanoacrylate glue, Bandage contact lens, moxifloxacin eye drops, and intra-ocular pressure lowering eye drops. The affected eye was followed daily until complete healing was observed without surgical intervention during this acute presentation. The PMD in the right eye was monitored for any progression.
| [1] | Belin, M.W. and Khachikian, S.S. (2006) Corneal Ectasia: Corneal Topography and Advances in Imaging. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, 19, 607-620. |
| [2] | Krachmer, J.H., Mannis, M.J. and Holland, E.J. (2011) Cornea: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and Management. 3rd Edition, Mosby Elsevier. |
| [3] | Abu-Amero, K.K. and Kondkar, A.A. (2015) Genetics of Keratoconus and Other Corneal Ectatic Disorders. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, 22, 14-20. |
| [4] | Li, X. and Rabinowitz, Y.S. (2015) Histopathology of Keratoconus and Related Disorders. Eye & Contact Lens, 41, 107-115. |
| [5] | Hersh, P.S. and Greenstein, S.A. (2014) Management of Ectasia after Corneal Refractive Surgery. Eye & Contact Lens, 40, 309-316. |
| [6] | Maeda, N. and Klyce, S.D. (2003) The Asymmetric Patterns in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration in Japanese Patients. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 47, 421-427. |
| [7] | Al-Amri, A.M. (2012) Corneal Perforations in Keratoconus and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration among Arabs: Clinical and Surgical Outcomes. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, 26, 145-149. |
| [8] | Tzelikis, P.F., Cohen, E.J., Rapuano, C.J., Hammersmith, K.M. and Laibson, P.R. (2005) Management of Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration. Cornea, 24, 555-560. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ico.0000153555.82278.5b |
| [9] | Hassan, Z., Nemeth, G., Modis, L., Szalai, E. and Berta, A. (2014) Collagen Cross-Linking in the Treatment of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 62, 367-370. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.109523 |
| [10] | Kymionis, G.D., Grentzelos, M.A., Portaliou, D.M., Karavitaki, A.E., Krasia, M.S., Dranidis, G.K., et al. (2012) Photorefractive Keratectomy Followed by Same-Day Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking after Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 38, 1264-1270. |
| [11] | Cecchi, A., Mencucci, R., La Torre, G., et al. (2013) Customized Corneal Crosslinking for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study. Eye, 27, 631-636. |
| [12] | Martínez-Abad, A. and Piñero, D.P. (2019) Pellucid Marginal Degeneration: Detection, Discrimination from Other Corneal Ectatic Disorders and Progression. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 42, 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2018.11.010 |
| [13] | Seiler, T., Quurke, A.W. and Holschbach, A. (2000) Corneal Ectasia. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 130, 145-156. |
| [14] | Rabinowitz, Y.S. (1998) Keratoconus. Survey of Ophthalmology, 42, 297-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(97)00119-7 |
| [15] | Klyce, S.D. and Jacob, J.T. (1997) Topographic Analysis of the Cornea. Cornea, 16, 1-15. |
| [16] | Sridhar, M. (2018) Anatomy of Cornea and Ocular Surface. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 66, 190-194. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_646_17 |
| [17] | Nottingham, M.A., Patel, S. and Jarstad, J.S. (2017) Keratoconus: Etiology, Patho-Physiology, and Treatment. Cornea, 36, 897-903. |
| [18] | Srivannaboon, S., Reinprayoon, U. and Kongsap, P. (2003) Crescentic Lamellar Keratoplasty for Pellucid Marginal Degeneration. Cornea, 22, 71-75. |
| [19] | Sinha, R., Agarwal, P. and Agarwal, T. (2021) Advances in Imaging for Corneal Ectasia. Current Ophthalmology Reports, 9, 123-134. |
| [20] | Sharma, A., Sharma, N., Basu, S., Sharma, R., Aggarwal, S., Gupta, P.C., et al. (2023) Tissue Adhesives for the Management of Corneal Perforations and Challenging Corneal Conditions. Clinical Ophthalmology, 17, 209-223. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s394454 |
| [21] | Dang, D.H., Riaz, K.M. and Karamichos, D. (2022) Treatment of Non-Infectious Corneal Injury: Review of Diagnostic Agents, Therapeutic Medications, and Future Targets. Drugs, 82, 145-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-021-01660-5 |
| [22] | Hirst, L.W., Stark, W.J. and Maumenee, A.E. (2007) Corneal Perforations and Tissue Adhesives. Ophthalmic Surgery, 38, 292-295. |
| [23] | Saini, J.S., Jain, A.K., Sukhija, J. and Saroha, V. (2018) Cyanoacrylate Adhesive in Corneal Perforations. Ophthalmology, 105, 2062-2063. |
| [24] | Tsokolas, G. (2020) Pellucid Marginal Degeneration (PMD): A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders, 4, Article 1031. |
| [25] | Tummanapalli, S.S., Maseedupally, V., Mandathara, P., Rathi, V.M. and Sangwan, V.S. (2013) Evaluation of Corneal Elevation and Thickness Indices in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration and Keratoconus. Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 39, 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.08.053 |
| [26] | Das, A.V., Pillutla, L.N. and Chaurasia, S. (2021) Clinical Profile and Demographic Distribution of Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration in India: A Study of 559 Patients. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 69, 3488-3493. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_553_21 |
| [27] | Gomes, J.A.P., Rodrigues, P.F. and Lamazales, L.L. (2022) Keratoconus Epidemiology: A Review. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, 36, 3-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_204_21 |
| [28] | Lee, B.W., Jurkunas, U.V., Harissi-Dagher, M., Poothullil, A.M., Tobaigy, F.M. and Azar, D.T. (2007) Ectatic Disorders Associated with a Claw-Shaped Pattern on Corneal Topography. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 144, 154-156.E3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2007.02.032 |
