大数据时代下公民隐私权保护研究
Research on the Protection of Citizens’ Privacy Rights in the Era of Big Data

随着大数据技术的快速发展和广泛应用，公民隐私权保护已成为数字时代的重要议题。本研究系统探讨了大数据环境下隐私权概念的新特征及其面临的挑战，包括立法碎片化、司法救济不足和监管效能低下等问题。研究发现，传统隐私权保护机制已难以应对数据聚合分析、算法歧视等新型侵权形态。为此，本文从四个维度提出对策建议：立法上制定专门的《隐私权保护法》，确立数据自主权等新型权利；司法上优化举证责任分配和损害赔偿机制；执法上构建统一权威的智能监管体系；社会层面加强隐私保护宣传教育。研究强调，隐私权保护需要平衡数据利用与权益保障，构建多元协同的治理格局，运用新兴技术提升保护效能，并积极参与国际数字治理规则制定。建议将隐私权保护上升为国家战略，为数字中国建设提供制度保障。本研究为完善大数据时代的隐私权保护体系提供了理论参考和实践路径。
With the rapid development and widespread application of big data technology, the protection of citizens’ privacy rights has become a critical issue in the digital era. This study systematically examines the new characteristics of privacy rights in the big data environment and the challenges they face, including legislative fragmentation, inadequate judicial remedies, and low regulatory efficiency. The research finds that traditional privacy protection mechanisms are insufficient to address new forms of infringement such as data aggregation analysis and algorithmic discrimination. Accordingly, this paper proposes countermeasures from four dimensions: legislatively enacting a specialized “Privacy Rights Protection Law” to establish new rights like data autonomy; judicially optimizing the allocation of burden of proof and damage compensation mechanisms; administratively constructing a unified and authoritative intelligent regulatory system; and socially strengthening privacy protection education. The study emphasizes that privacy protection requires balancing data utilization with rights safeguarding, building a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance framework, leveraging emerging technologies to enhance protection effectiveness, and actively participating in the formulation of international digital governance rules. It is recommended to elevate privacy protection to a national strategy to provide institutional safeguards for the development of Digital China. This research offers theoretical references and practical pathways for improving privacy protection systems in the big data era.