哈尔滨冬季旅游交通出行问题研究——基于地铁接驳车的优化视角
Research on Winter Tourism Transportation Issues in Harbin—An Optimization Perspective Based on Metro Shuttle Services

作为全国热门冰雪旅游目的地，哈尔滨2024年冬季接待游客超2000万人次，地铁日客流强度多次位列全国第一。然而，哈尔滨的交通系统在冬季旅游高峰期面临巨大压力，存在交通流量分布不均、停车难题显著、公共交通运力不足、道路通行受冰雪天气制约等问题。本文以酒店、地铁、景区的空间分布与衔接关系为切入点，结合文献分析与实地数据，提出当前景区、酒店的不同交通区位特征及问题，并构建差异化交通解决方案，包括地铁环线微循环系统、“地铁 + 微型接驳车”循环模式、地下通道网络与多功能枢纽建设，以及智能调度与动态除冰系统的引入。研究结果表明，这些策略能够有效缓解冬季交通压力，提升游客出行体验，并推动绿色交通发展。未来研究应进一步结合寒地气候特点，探索公共交通与旅游体验的互动关系，提出更具针对性的交通优化方案。
As one of the most popular winter tourism destinations in China, Harbin received over 20 million visitors during the winter of 2024, with its metro system frequently ranking first in daily passenger flow nationwide. However, Harbin’s transportation infrastructure faces significant challenges during the peak winter tourism season, including uneven traffic distribution, severe parking difficulties, insufficient public transport capacity, and road conditions constrained by icy weather. This paper addresses these issues by focusing on the spatial relationships between hotels, metro stations, and tourist attractions. Through a combination of literature review and field data analysis, we identify the distinct traffic characteristics and problems associated with different locations of hotels and attractions. We propose differentiated transportation solutions, including the establishment of a metro loop micro-circulation system, a “metro + mini shuttle” circulation model, underground passage networks, multi-functional hubs, and the introduction of intelligent scheduling and dynamic de-icing systems. The research findings indicate that these strategies can effectively alleviate winter traffic pressures, enhance visitor travel experiences, and promote green transportation development. Future studies should further integrate cold-climate characteristics to explore the interaction between public transportation and tourism experiences, ultimately proposing more targeted transportation optimization plans.