Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CRS and its risk factors among people in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bisha City, Saudi Arabia, involving all accessible adults aged 18 and older. The minimum required sample size was 384 participants, based on a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. The study was conducted from November 2024 to January 1, 2025, using an online questionnaire distributed via social media. The questionnaire was validated, and participants were recruited through the author’s professional networks, family, and friends, allowing any viewer in Bisha City to respond voluntarily. The chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions were applied. Results: A total of 416 participated in the study; 299 (71.9%) were female and 117 (28.1%) were male. The mean age was 29.5 years, and the mean BMI was 25.28. Out of all participants, 81 (19.47%) were found to have CRS. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in Bisha City, particularly among married individuals and those with chronic conditions. Various risk factors, including environmental allergen exposure, smoking, obesity, and deviated nasal symptoms, are associated with a higher risk of CRS. Environmental factors, particularly the desert climate and dust exposure in Bisha, seem to exacerbate the prevalence of CRS.
References
[1]
Fokkens, W., Lund, V. and Mullol, J. (2007) European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2007. Rhinology Supplement, 20, 1-136.
[2]
Hastan, D., Fokkens, W.J., Bachert, C., Newson, R.B., Bislimovska, J., Bockelbrink, A., et al. (2011) Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Europe—An Underestimated Disease. a GA2LEN Study. Allergy, 66, 1216-1223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x
[3]
Abualnasr, D.S., Alattas, D.A., Abualnasr, D.A., Alsrisri, D.H. and Aljeraisi, D.T. (2017) Prevalence of Chronic Rhino Sinusitis and It’s Recurrent after Treatment Compare to Its Recurrent after Surgery at Saudi Arabia, 2016. International Journal of Advanced Research, 5, 2310-2318. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/3013
[4]
Adibelli, Z.H., Songu, M. and Adibelli, H. (2011) Paranasal Sinus Development in Children: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 25, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3552
[5]
Ah-See, K.W. and Evans, A.S. (2007) Sinusitis and Its Management. BMJ, 334, 358-361. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39092.679722.be
[6]
Rosenfeld, R.M., Andes, D., Neil, B., Cheung, D., Eisenberg, S., Ganiats, T.G., et al. (2007) Clinical Practice Guideline: Adult Sinusitis. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 137, S1-S31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.06.726
[7]
Hamilos, D.L. (2011) Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Epidemiology and Medical Management. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 128, 693-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.004
[8]
Macdonald, K.I., McNally, J.D. and Massoud, E. (2008) The Health and Resource Utilization of Canadians with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope, 119, 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20034
[9]
Albaharna, H., Alsaleh, S., AlQahtani, A. and Marglani, O. (2022) The GA2LEN Survey for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Prevalence Studies: Arabic Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation. Rhinology Online, 5, 137-141. https://doi.org/10.4193/rhinol/22.014
[10]
Bhattacharyya, N. (2009) Contemporary Assessment of the Disease Burden of Sinusitis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 23, 392-395. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3355a
[11]
Alhazmi, W.A., Almutairi, A., Alzamil, A., Almithn, R. and Alburaq, F.N. (2021) Prevalence, Quality of Life and Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2021. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 7, 41-53.
[12]
Homood, M.A., Alkhayrat, S.M. and Kulaybi, K.M. (2017) Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Sinusitis among People in Jazan Region’ KSA. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 69, 2463-2468. https://doi.org/10.12816/0041695
[13]
Bugis, A., Alruwaili, A., Masuadi, E., Al-Zahrani, B., Alzahrani, A., Almegel, A., et al. (2022) The Prevalence of Rhinosinusitis Disease among Asthma Patients in Saudi Arabia. Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, 18, 283-288. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220823090137
[14]
Hakami, N.A., Aburasain, K.S., Abualgasem, M.M., Hakami, A., Daghriri, H.M. and Sumaily, I. (2024) Prevalence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 26, 109-113. https://doi.org/10.4103/sjoh.sjoh_83_23
[15]
Dales, R., Chen, Y. and Lin, M. (2006) Chronic Sinusitis and Arterial Hypertension in a National Population Health Survey. International Journal of Cardiology, 107, 230-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.03.019
[16]
Clarhed, U.K.E., Schiöler, L., Torén, K., Fell, A.K.M. and Hellgren, J. (2022) BMI as a Risk Factor for the Development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Population-Based Study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 279, 4953-4959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07320-y
[17]
Hoying, D., Miller, K., Tanzo, J., Kim, J., Bena, J., Burguera, B., et al. (2023) Evaluating the Association of Obesity and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 170, 708-723. https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.612
[18]
Orlandi, R.R. (2010) A Systematic Analysis of Septal Deviation Associated with Rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope, 120, 1687-1695. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20992
[19]
Leland, E.M., Vohra, V., Seal, S.M., Zhang, Z. and Ramanathan, M. (2022) Environmental Air Pollution and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 7, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.774
