乡村振兴背景下的乡村人居环境影响因素及需求调查——以陕西省为例
Investigation on the Influencing Factors and Needs of Rural Human Settlements in the Context of Rural Revitalization—Taking Shaanxi Province as an Example

我国脱贫攻坚取得胜利后，要举全党全社会之力推动乡村振兴，促进农业高质高效、乡村宜居宜业、农民富裕富足。本文从对陕西省陕北、关中、陕南地区7个市的14个区县农村、村民进行了实地考察和问卷调查，调查内容涵盖村落整体人居环境、民居庭院及室内环境三部分的满意度及需求。结果表明，农村人口单向流出，常住人口受教育程度和收入水平低、缺乏专业技术，严重制约着农村经济发展；72.92%村民认为应优先改善村容村貌，对医疗、老年照料中心、幼儿园等公共服务设施的改善意愿强烈；村民对自家庭院布局、房间功能划分等方面的改善有强烈需求，七成多村民希望拥有室内卫生间；60.42%村民愿意出资改善自家庭院与房屋，但承受金额较低。受地域文化、气候环境等影响，陕北、关中、陕南地区的调查结果存在差异。
After China’s victory in poverty alleviation, we should use the strength of the whole Party and society to promote rural revitalization, promote high-quality and efficient agriculture, rural livability and industry, and farmers’ prosperity. This paper makes a field investigation and questionnaire survey on the villages and villagers in 14 districts and counties in 7 cities in Northern Shaanxi, central Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi. The survey covers the satisfaction and demand of the overall living environment, residential courtyard and indoor environment of the village. The results show that the one-way outflow of rural population, the low education level and income level of permanent residents and the lack of professional technology seriously restrict the development of rural economy; 72.92% of the villagers believed that priority should be given to improving the appearance of the village, and they were strongly willing to improve public service facilities such as medical treatment, elderly care centers and kindergartens; Villagers have a strong demand for the improvement of their courtyard layout and room function division. More than 70% of the villagers want to have an indoor toilet; 60.42% of the villagers are willing to invest in improving their own yards and houses, but the amount is low. Affected by regional culture, climate and environment, the survey results in Northern Shaanxi, central Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi are different.