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应用大气化学模式解析东亚大气氮沉降季节变化特征及其影响因素
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Abstract:
本研究基于GEOS-Chem三维大气化学传输模式，模拟分析了2016~2018年东亚地区活性氮(Nr)沉降与排放的时空分布情况，以及其在季风降水的影响下的季节变化特征。沉降排放比(D/E)分析表明，中国与印度D/E较低，是东亚地区主要的活性氮排放源。本研究进一步发现，不同国家和地区活性氮排放和季风降水不同位相的季节变化，导致其活性氮沉降的季节变化也不同。中国活性氮排放与东亚季风降水的季节变化基本同位相，各类活性氮沉降均呈“夏高冬低”的特征。印度地区则因活性氮排放和南亚季风降水的季节变化位相不同，导致除氧化氮干沉降外，其他各类氮沉降的季节变化主要受南亚季风强降水的影响，与对应排放季节变化存在较大差异。而东南亚地区降水受季风影响较弱，其沉降的季节变化主要取决于对应排放的季节变化。本研究解析了季风影响下活性氮排放对其沉降季节变化的影响，有助于制定更为科学有效的区域减排政策。
This study uses the GEOS-Chem model to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and seasonal mechanisms of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition and emissions across East Asia during 2016~2018. Analysis of deposition-to-emission ratios (D/E) shows that China and India have lower D/E ratios and are the main sources of active nitrogen emissions in East Asia. We find that the regional seasonal patterns of nitrogen deposition are shaped by phase relationships between emissions and monsoon precipitation. In China, synchronized peaks of the emissions and East Asian monsoon rainfall drive coherent “summer-high, winter-low” deposition patterns for all Nr deposition species. In contrast, India exhibits a phase mismatch: except for the dry deposition of nitrogen oxide, other Nr deposition species are mainly influenced by the heavy precipitation of the South Asian Monsoon, with a significant difference of the seasonal variation of emissions. While the Southeast Asia, with weaker monsoon influence to the precipitation, shows deposition seasonality primarily governed by local emission cycles. This study resolves the dual control of emissions and monsoons on Nr deposition, providing a framework for optimizing regional air quality policies.
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