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汽车尾气多环芳烃衍生物排放研究进展
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Abstract:
多环芳烃衍生物毒性高、持久性强且难于降解，是新兴的环境污染物。随着汽车保有量的增长，汽车尾气已成为多环芳烃衍生物的主要贡献者之一，得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。鉴于此，本文基于国内外的研究成果，针对汽车尾气多环芳烃衍生物排放的理化特征、研究方法以及影响因素进行了梳理和总结。汽车尾气多环芳烃衍生物主要含有毒性远高于母体多环芳烃(PAHs)的硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs)和含氧多环芳烃(OPAHs)；其排放水平与燃料类型、车辆技术水平、汽车发动机运行工况、后处理技术等密切相关。含氧燃料能够降低NPAHs，但增加OPAHs；发动机负荷增加，PAHs衍生物排放增加；车辆技术水平提高以及应用后处理技术，能够减少PAHs衍生物排放。本文旨在阐明汽车尾气多环芳烃衍生物的排放特征及影响因素，为汽车排放控制技术开发及排放法规制定提供参考。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives have been considered as an emerging environmental pollutant due to their high toxicity, strong durability and difficult degradation. With the increase of automobile ownership, automobile exhaust has become one of the main contributors of the PAHs derivatives. This has received extensive attention from scholars over the worldwide. Therefore, this paper sorted out and summarized the physicochemical properties, research methods and influence factors of PAHs derivatives emissions from automobile exhaust based on the research results over the worldwide. PAH derivatives from automobile exhaust mainly included nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (NPAHs), which have much higher toxicity than their parent PAHs. Their emission level was closely related to the fuel type, vehicle technical level, operating condition of vehicle engine, after-treatment technology, etc. Oxygenated fuels could reduce NPAHs, but increase OPAHs. With the increase of engine load, the PAHs derivatives emission increased. The improvement of vehicle technology and the application of after-treatment technology could reduce the PAHs derivatives emission. The purpose of this paper was to clarify the emission characteristics and influence factors of PAHs derivatives from automobile exhaust, which would provide reference for the development of automobile emission control technology and the formulation of emission regulations.
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