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呼和浩特市地表温度变化及热岛效应分析
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Abstract:
在全球气候变化与快速城市化背景下，寒旱区城市热岛效应因其生态脆弱性成为关键科学问题。本文基于2001~2022年MODIS遥感数据，结合GIS技术，系统分析了呼和浩特市地表温度的时空格局演变及冷热岛的时空分布特征。研究发现：(1) 时间上，冬季地表温度呈现矛盾趋势，最高值波动上升，最低值持续下降，反映冬季极端低温频发与基础温度升高的矛盾性；夏季则表现为高温低温同步上升的趋势；季节性差异显著扩大的现象。(2) 空间上，热岛范围从老城区单核结构演变为“主城 + 金川 + 盛乐”多核格局，沿交通轴线扩散并与城市建成区扩张高度相似；冷岛依附于自然基底，降温范围局限且呈现碎片化。研究进一步分析地表温度的时间格局变化，揭示寒旱区冷热岛时空分布特征，未来需融合高分辨率遥感与多源数据，深化研究冷热岛效应的影响机制与热岛对生态系统服务的长期影响评估，为全球同类型城市可持续发展提供科学范式。
In the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, the urban heat island effect in cold and arid regions has become a key scientific issue due to its ecological vulnerability. In this paper, based on MODIS remote sensing data from 2001 to 2022, combined with GIS technology, we systematically analyzed the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of surface temperature and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of hot and cold islands in Hohhot City. It is found that: (1) temporally, the surface temperature in winter shows a contradictory trend, with the maximum value fluctuating up and the minimum value continuously decreasing, reflecting the contradictory nature of the frequent occurrence of extremely low temperatures and the increase of base temperature in winter; in summer, it shows a synchronized trend of the increase of high temperature and low temperature; and the phenomenon of significant expansion of the seasonal difference. (2) Spatially, the range of heat islands has evolved from a single-core structure in the old city to a multi-core pattern of “main city + Jinchuan + Shengle”, which spreads along the transportation axis and is highly similar to the expansion of the built-up area of the city; and the cold islands are dependent on the natural substrate, with a limited range of cooling and fragmentation. The study further analyzes the temporal pattern of surface temperature changes and reveals the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of hot and cold islands in the cold and arid regions. In the future, it is necessary to integrate high-resolution remote sensing and multi-source data to deepen the study of the influence mechanism of the hot and cold island effect and the long-term impact assessment of hot islands on ecosystem services, in order to provide a scientific paradigm for the sustainable development of the same kind of cities in the world.
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