Plato’s concept of “One” is a fundamental philosophical idea characterized by indivisibility, invariability, and equality. This paper explores the relationship between Plato’s One and modern scientific disciplines, including digital information theory, biology, and neuroscience. Firstly, the paper examines how numerical representation and digital data processing reflect the properties of Plato’s One. Secondly, the paper extends this discussion to biological systems, arguing that life exhibits the characteristics of Plato’s One through natural selection. Thirdly, the paper examines how natural selection gives highly conserved DNA bases properties close to Plato’s One. Finally, the paper analyzes how neural activity, specifically action potentials, aligns with the properties of Plato’s One and serves as the foundation for neural activity. By integrating insights from philosophy, evolutionary biology, and cognitive neuroscience, this study proposes that Plato’s One is not merely a metaphysical abstraction but an intrinsic principle underlying information processing, life, and cognition. The implications of this perspective suggest a deep structural connection between classical philosophical thought and contemporary scientific understanding. In conclusion, this paper provides the concept of Plato’s One as a common ground for philosophy, mathematics, information science, biology, and neuroscience.
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