贵阳机场“03.16”强对流天气过程成因分析
Analysis of the Causes of the “03.16” Severe Convective Weather Process in Guiyang Airport

2023年3月16日19:22~23:48，贵阳机场出现弱到中雷雨天气，期间21:56~22:12出现小冰雹。为贵阳机场强对流天气的预报和监测预警积累经验，利用贵阳机场自动观测数据、ERA5再分析资料、双偏振多普勒雷达资料对此次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：此次天气过程自西北向东南移动，500 hPa高空槽东移，与低空切变线和地面辐合线相互配合，带来的扰动为强对流的发生提供触发条件。高空急流右侧与低空急流左侧位置相对应，形成强烈的“高层辐散、低层辐合”的抽吸效应，同时低空急流造成低层增暖增湿，为热力层结不稳定的增长和水汽补充提供有利条件。
From 19:22 to 23:48 local time on March 16, 2023, light to moderate thunderstorms occurred at Guiyang Airport, accompanied by small hail between 21:56 and 22:12. To enhance forecasting, monitoring, and early warning capabilities for severe convective weather at Guiyang Airport, this event was analyzed using automated observational data from the airport, ERA5 reanalysis data, and dual-polarization Doppler radar observations. The results indicate that the convective system propagated from northwest to southeast. An eastward-moving upper-level trough at 500 hPa, coupled with a low-level shear line and surface convergence line, provided triggering conditions for severe convection through dynamic disturbances. The right entrance region of the upper-level jet stream overlapped with the left exit region of the low-level jet stream, generating a strong pumping effect characterized by upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence. Concurrently, the low-level jet stream contributed to low-level warming and moistening, creating favorable thermodynamic instability and moisture supply for convective development.