新就业形态劳动者“独立职业伤害保障模式”的正当性论证及其核心规则设计
The Justification of the “Independent Occupational Injury Protection Model” for New Employment Form Workers and the Design of Its Core Rules

随着新就业形态劳动者规模的持续扩大，其职业伤害风险高、社会保障缺位的困境日益凸显。对此，我国多地陆续开展职业伤害保障试点探索，最终形成三种模式：工伤保险变通适用模式、独立职业伤害保障模式、社会保险之外的其他模式。当前“三轨并行”格局下试点模式的最优选择问题亟需理清，在系统梳理各地方试点模式的基础上，需从“新业态从业者的权利基础”、“不完全劳动关系”、“经济从属性”三方面论证“独立职业伤害保障模式”的正当性。具体规则的设计问题上，需以“缴费主体及其责任划分规则”为基础，坚持平台和新业态从业者共同承担缴费义务以及基于“汉德公式”的缴费责任划分；“职业伤害认定规则”上，应坚持超脱三工条件的新标准，即“职业风险的任务化认定”。
With the continuous expansion of the scale of new employment form of workers, the predicament of high occupational injury risks and the absence of social security has become increasingly prominent. In response, many regions in China have successively launched pilot explorations of occupational injury protection, ultimately forming three models: the flexible application of work injury insurance, the independent occupational injury protection model, and other models outside of social insurance. Under the current “three-track parallel” pattern, the issue of the optimal choice of pilot models urgently needs to be clarified. Based on a systematic review of the pilot models in various regions, the legitimacy of the “independent occupational injury protection model” needs to be demonstrated from three aspects: “the rights basis of new employment form workers”, “incomplete labor relations”, and “economic subordination”. In terms of the design of specific rules, it is necessary to take the “payment subject and its responsibility division rules” as the basis, insisting that both the platform and new employment form workers jointly bear the payment obligation and the division of payment responsibility based on the “Hand Formula”. Regarding the “rules for identifying occupational injuries”, a new standard that transcends the three working conditions should be adhered to, namely, the “task-based identification of occupational risks”.