“三权分置”背景下农地信托的法律困境与突破路径
The Legal Dilemma and Breakthrough Path of Agricultural Land Trust under the Background of “Separation of Three Rights”

当前，在土地制度的改革转向“三权分置”模式的背景下，农地信托的兴起为农业土地流转的优化、提升土地利用效率提供了新的契机。但目前这一转型在实践中遭遇了一系列挑战和问题。通过对“三权分置”与农地信托理论基础、现状与问题的分析，可以发现：农村股份合作社作委托人时利益分配不均，信托公司作受托人参与意愿不强，信托登记制度存在空白以及信托监管制度不够完善等问题。上述问题的主要成因有土地股份合作社的法律地位模糊、信托公司缺乏有效的保障和激励机制、信托财产不明以及信托监察人制度存在缺陷。针对这些问题与成因，应探索完善法律以明确土地股份合作社的法律地位，风险保障与激励并存来构建信托公司的保障激励机制，确定信托财产登记效力与登记机关，并建立多主体参与的协同监管体系，以突破现有困境，促进农地信托的健康发展。
At present, under the background of the reform of the land system turning to the “separation of the three rights” mode, that is, the hierarchical right system of collective land ownership, land contract management rights, and land management rights, the rise of agricultural land trust provides a new opportunity for the optimization of agricultural land circulation and the improvement of land use efficiency. But at present, the transformation also brought a series of challenges and problems, including the “separation” and the farmland trust theory understanding, and the present situation and its problems analysis found rural share cooperatives as the principal interest distribution, the trust company as the trustee participation will is not strong, the trust registration system is blank and trust supervision system is not perfect. Through empirical research, the causes of their legal difficulties are revealed, such as the vague legal status of land share cooperatives, the lack of effective guarantee and incentive mechanism of trust companies, the unclear trust property, and the defects of the trust supervisor system. To solve these problems, it should explore the perfect law to clarify the legal status of land stock cooperative, risk protection and incentives to build safeguard incentive mechanism, trust company determine the trust property registration effect and registration authority, and establish multi-subject participation in collaborative supervision system, to break through the existing difficulties, promote the healthy development of farmland trust.