数字社会背景下自然人名誉权保护路径探析——以个人信用信息收集为例
Exploring the Path to Protecting Natural Person’s Right to Reputation in the Context of Digital Society—Taking the Personal Credit Information Collection as an Example

在数字化时代，个人信用信息的广泛收集与商业化利用催生了以芝麻信用为代表的信用评分机制，但其对自然人名誉权的潜在侵害亟待法律规范。本文研究以个人信用信息的私权属性为核心，结合《民法典》《个人信息保护法》等法律框架，探析信息收集行为的边界与限制路径。通过实证调研与比较法分析发现，当前信用信息保护存在法律规范碎片化、信息处理透明度不足、技术风险与公众认知滞后等核心问题。文章提出构建“三位一体”的保护路径：其一，明确信用信息收集的合法性标准，强化“知情同意”与“最小必要”原则；其二，推动《社会信用法》立法，整合公私征信标准；其三，建立动态监管机制与多元化救济渠道。研究成果可为平衡数据利用与隐私保护、完善社会信用法治化体系提供理论参考与实践指导。
In the digital era, the extensive collection and commercial utilization of personal credit information have given rise to credit scoring mechanisms represented by “Zhima Credit”; however, their potential infringement on the natural person’s right to reputation requires legal regulation. This paper examines the private right nature of personal credit information and analyzes the boundaries of information collection behaviors under legal frameworks such as the “Civil Code” and the “Personal Information Protection Law”. Through empirical and comparative studies, we identify three key challenges in credit information protection: fragmented legal norms, insufficient transparency in information processing, and delayed responses to technical risks and public awareness gaps. To address these issues, we propose tripartite protection: first, to clarify the legality criteria for credit information collection through reinforcing the principles of “informed consent” and “minimum necessity”; second, to advance the “Social Credit Law” legislation to harmonize public and private sector credit collection standards; third, to establish a dynamic regulatory mechanism with diversified relief channels. The research results can provide theoretical references and practical guidance for balancing data utilization with privacy protection while contributing to the improvement of the social credit legal system.