有芯棒锤面变化的径向缩径数值模拟
Numerical Simulation of Radial Reduction with Mandrel-Assisted Hammer Surface Variations

径向锻造是指通过多个锤头在工件圆周方向进行高频同步锻打，以实现金属塑性变形的一种锻造工艺，通常用于加工实心或空心轴类零件。本研究基于前凸、内凹以及线性面三种锤面结构，进行有限元建模和数值模拟。主要研究了锤面形状对空心棒材径向缩径成形质量的影响。结果表明：锤面的形状对于径向缩径成形效果有显著的影响。采用线性面进行缩径成形时的工件不仅工作载荷更小，金属材料的流动分布更加均匀，同时工件成形的表面质量更佳。
Radial forging is a metal forming process that utilizes multiple hammer heads to perform high-frequency synchronous forging along the circumferential direction of a workpiece, achieving plastic deformation of metals. It is commonly employed for manufacturing solid or hollow shaft-like components. In this study, finite element modeling and numerical simulations were conducted based on three hammer surface configurations: forward-convex, concave, and linear geometries, to systematically investigate the influence of hammer face shape on the forming quality of radial reduction in hollow bars. The results demonstrate that the hammer surface geometry significantly affects the radial reduction forming outcomes. Specifically, when a linear surface is adopted, the forming process not only exhibits a lower working load, ensures a more uniform flow distribution of metal materials, but also significantly enhances the surface quality of the final product forming.