新旧版本数学教材有理数内容的比较和教学思考——以人教版和苏科版为例
Comparison and Teaching Reflection on Rational Number Content in Old and New Editions of Mathematics Textbooks—Taking the People’s Education Edition and Jiangsu Science and Technology Edition as Examples

2024年教材是落实核心素养的最新教材，新教材在实施课程上有哪些变化是一个值得关注的问题。比较人教版和苏科版新旧教材有理数主题在定义、习题设置及课外阅读材料方面的变化，发现人教版在有理数定义上从归纳分类模式变成了形式定义，而苏科版恰恰相反；在习题配置上，人教版强化了有理数的分类和集合意识的渗透；在阅读材料上，新版人教版教材从中国历史中对负数的认识，进一步扩充至人类对负数的认识历程。苏科版新教材删除了“循环小数可以化为分数”的课外阅读内容，保留了有理数在日常应用的阅读材料。建议在具体教学中教师应该参考多个版本的教材，取长补短，适当淡化形式，加强应用和整数、小数化分数的练习。
The 2024 textbook is the latest textbook for implementing core competencies. What changes will be made in the new textbook in the curriculum implementation is a question worthy of attention. This study compares the changes in the rational number content of the old and new editions of the People’s Education Edition and the Jiangsu Science and Technology Edition, focusing on definitions, exercise arrangements, and extracurricular reading materials. The findings reveal that the People’s Education Edition has transitioned from an inductive classification model to a formal definition in terms of the definition of rational numbers, whereas the Jiangsu Science and Technology Edition has taken the opposite approach. In terms of exercise configuration, the People’s Education Edition strengthened the classification of rational numbers and the infiltration of collective consciousness. Regarding reading materials, the new People’s Education Edition has expanded the historical context of negative numbers from a focus on Chinese history to a broader exploration of their development in human civilization. Meanwhile, the new Jiangsu Science and Technology Edition has removed the extracurricular reading material on converting repeating decimals into fractions while retaining the practical applications of rational numbers. In practical teaching, educators should consult multiple textbook editions to integrate their strengths, appropriately downplay the form, and strengthen applications as well as exercises on converting integers and decimals into fractions.